Search results for "CLINICAL TRIALS"
showing 10 items of 490 documents
Theory-Based Interventions Combining Mental Simulation and Planning Techniques to Improve Physical Activity: Null Results from Two Randomized Control…
2016
Interventions to assist individuals in initiating and maintaining regular participation in physical activity are not always effective. Psychological and behavioral theories advocate the importance of both motivation and volition in interventions to change health behavior. Interventions adopting self-regulation strategies that foster motivational and volitional components may, therefore, have utility in promoting regular physical activity participation. We tested the efficacy of an intervention adopting motivational (mental simulation) and volitional (implementation intentions) components to promote a regular physical activity in two studies. Study 1 adopted a cluster randomized design in wh…
Looking for the best immune-checkpoint inhibitor in pre-treated NSCLC patients: An indirect comparison between nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizu…
2017
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors represent the new standard of care in patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after first-line treatment. This work aim to assess any difference in both efficacy and safety profiles among Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab in pre-treated NSCLC patients. Randomized clinical trials comparing immune-checkpoint inhibitor versus docetaxel in pre-treated patients with advanced NSCLC were included and direct comparison meta-analysis of selected trials have been performed. Subsequently the summary estimates of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab emerging from the direct meta-analysis were selected to provide the pooled estimates of hazard ratio (HR) and…
Bempedoic acid as adjunct for traditional lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidaemia
2020
Statin therapy has been the cornerstone for the reduction of cholesterol and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, statin monotherapy has disadvantages attributable to myopathies and to the insufficient cholesterol reduction observed in some patients. There is a need for new well-tolerated therapies for lowering LDL. This review will focus on bempedoic acid in combination with traditional statin therapy or other lipid-lowering agents and its emerging role in LDL-C lowering. Bempedoic acid is also a viable alternative for reducing LDL cholesterol in the treatment of some patients suffering from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Síntomas, signos y estadística: Aplicaciones de la estadística en ciencias de la salud y de la vida
2014
La determinación o constatación experimental de los mecanismos fisiológicos de las enfermedades suele ser una tarea muy compleja. Esto ha convertido a la epidemiología en la principal herramienta de generación de conocimiento en el ámbito médico. La epidemiología aprende sobre las enfermedades a partir de la observación de la salud en colectivos de personas, en lugar de la observación individual de éstas. Si la principal herramienta de generación de conocimiento médico se basa en la observación de colectivos de personas (muestras de una población) de las que querremos aprender (hacer inferencia), resulta claro el nexo entre la estadística y la medicina. A lo largo de este artículo ilustramo…
Pharmacological treatment of burning mouth syndrome : a review and update
2007
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as a burning sensation in the tongue or in any other region of the oral mucosa, in the absence of specific oral lesions. The present study reviews the pharmacological treatments used in the last 10 years to reduce the symptoms of BMS, and assesses the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions destined to alleviate the symptoms of BMS. To this effect, searches were made in the following databases: Micromedex®, Cochrane Database® and PubMed®, crossing the following key words: drug, treatment, clinical trial, pain management, and burning mouth syndrome. The searches were limited to articles published in the last 10 years in English or Spanish,…
Lonoctocog alfa (rVIII-SingleChain) for the treatment of haemophilia A
2017
Introduction: The administration of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates on-demand or on long-term prophylaxis is the effective and safe standard of care of patients with hemophilia A (HA). Development of neutralizing antibodies against exogenous FVIII and the short half-life of the current available products remain major challenges. There is currently a great interest towards newer FVIII products with the goal of reducing the inhibitor risk and increasing the half-life. Area covered: In this review, the authors describe the efficacy and safety of rVIII-SingleChain (Lonoctocog alfa), the first and only single chain recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) molecule developed for the prevention and treatment o…
Scheduling a cellular manufacturing system with GA
2002
The flexible manufacturing cell scheduling problem is considered with a multi-objective approach, pursuing together makespan minimisation and the in process job wait minimisation. The formulation of the scheduling problem is discussed, analysing how to generate well suited sequences, like generalised permutation sequences, and the proper construction of a JIT timing of activities. An evolutionary sequencing algorithm based on both classic genetic operators and hybrid operators is then proposed. The hybrid operators have been introduced to construct highly fit initial population, to perform periodically a local search on the population and to maintain enough genetical diversity in the actual…
Palliative sedation in patients with advanced cancer followed at home: A systematic review
2011
Abstract Context Patients with advanced cancer who are near the end of life may experience intolerable suffering refractory to targeted palliative therapies. Palliative sedation (PS) is considered to be an effective treatment modality for these refractory symptoms when aggressive efforts fail to provide relief. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically review articles regarding PS performed at home in patients with intractable symptoms. Methods Literature databases searched included MedLine, PubMed, and EMBASE. The text words and MeSH/EMTREE terms "home care" and "sedation" were used for electronic database searches. Results Six articles met the inclusion criteria for research …
Review article: a comparison of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2.
2013
Summary Background Recent advancements in understanding the roles and functions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and 2 (GLP-2) have provided a basis for targeting these peptides in therapeutic strategies. Aim To summarise the preclinical and clinical research supporting the discovery of new therapeutic molecules targeting GLP-1 and GLP-2. Methods This review is based on a comprehensive PubMed search, representing literature published during the past 30 years related to GLP-1 and GLP-2. Results Although produced and secreted together primarily from L cells of the intestine in response to ingestion of nutrients, GLP-1 and GLP-2 exhibit distinctive biological functions that are governed by t…
Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor system to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
2008
BACKGROUND: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) typically occurs when ovaries are primed with FSH/ LH and subsequently exposed to hCG. The ultimate pathophysiological step underlying this clinical picture is increased vascular permeability (VP). METHODS: A search of the literature was carried out using PubMed and the authors’ files. RESULTS: In rodents and humans, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA increases during ovarian stimulation. With the administration of hCG, the expression of each rises to a maximum. Expression of VEGF/VEGFR-2 mRNAs correlates with enhanced VP, with both peaking 48 h following an injection of hCG. Imm…