Search results for "COCAINE"
showing 10 items of 143 documents
Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis
2014
Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million). Measurements Excretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrom…
Resilience to social stress effects: depression and cocaine reward
2020
Poster presentado al congreso socidrogalcol 2020 PSI2017-83023
Characterization and enhancement of resilience to the effects of social stress on the rewarding properties of cocaine in male mice
2022
El principal foco de interés en la presente Tesis Doctoral es estudiar la resiliencia a desarrollar un trastorno por consumo de cocaína tras la exposición a estrés. Para ello utilizamos modelos animales de estrés social (la derrota social repetida intermitente, DSRI) y de efectos reforzantes de las drogas (el paradigma de Condicionamiento de Preferencia de Lugar, CPL), ya que en estudios previos hemos demostrado que la exposición a DSRI incrementa los efectos reforzantes de la cocaína en el CPL (García-Pardo y cols., 2019; Calpe-López y cols., 2020). Nuestro objetivo es identificar a los animales resilientes a este efecto de la DSRI, caracterizar su comportamiento tras el estrés, estudiar s…
Illicit drugs consumption evaluation by wastewater-based epidemiology in the urban area of Palermo city (Italy)
2017
Introduction. A wastewater-based epidemiology approach was performed to estimate the drug consumption in Palermo city, the fifth largest city of Italy with a population of 671 696 inhabitants, and to investigate the monthly variability of drug loads in wastewater from different areas of the city. A seven-months detection campaign was conducted at the two wastewater treatment plants of the city. Methods. Following a pre-treatment, 32 samples of wastewater were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results. We estimated a mean cocaine use in Palermo of 0.19 g/day/1000 people, corresponding to 1.90 doses/1000 people and cannabinoids use of 2.85 g/day/1000 people, correspo…
Behavioral Traits Associated With Resilience to the Effects of Repeated Social Defeat on Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
2020
The relationship between stress and drug use is well demonstrated. Stress-induced by repeated social defeat (RSD) enhances the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by cocaine in mice. The phenomenon of resilience understood as the ability of subjects to overcome the negative effects of stress is the focus of increasing interest. Our aim is to characterize the behavior of resilient animals with respect to the effects of RSD on the CPP induced by cocaine. To this end, 25 male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to stress by RSD during late adolescence, while other 15 male mice did not undergo stress (controls). On the 2 days following the last defeat, all the animals carried out the elevated plus…
Cocaine and MDMA Induce Cellular and Molecular Changes in Adult Neurogenic Systems: Functional Implications
2011
The capacity of the brain to generate new adult neurons is a recent discovery that challenges the old theory of an immutable adult brain. A new and fascinating field of research now focuses on this regenerative process. The two brain systems that constantly produce new adult neurons, known as the adult neurogenic systems, are the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the lateral ventricules/olfactory bulb system. Both systems are involved in memory and learning processes. Different drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and MDMA, have been shown to produce cellular and molecular changes that affect adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes the effects that these drugs have on the adult neurog…
Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) for cocaine dependence in the Spanish public health system: 1 year outcome
2010
Introduction and Aims.The development and dissemination of effective treatments for cocaine dependence is an important public health priority in Europe, and especially in Spain, given the increase in treatment demand over recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) for cocaine dependents at an outpatient clinic within the Spanish public health system. Design and Methods.A total of 82 cocaine-dependent patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: Standard Treatment (n = 35) or CRA (n = 47). Dependent variables were treatment retention, cocaine abstinence and composite scores from the European vers…
Differential effects of MDMA and cocaine on inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests in rodents.
2017
Introduction Drug addiction continues being a major public problem faced by modern societies with different social, health and legal consequences for the consumers. Consumption of psychostimulants, like cocaine or MDMA (known as ecstasy) are highly prevalent and cognitive and memory impairments have been related with the abuse of these drugs. Aim The aim of this work was to review the most important data of the literature in the last 10 years about the effects of cocaine and MDMA on inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests in rodents. Development: The object recognition and the inhibitory avoidance tests are popular procedures used to assess different types of memory. We compare th…
Effect of cocaine and related drugs on the uptake of noradrenaline by heart and spleen
1961
Noradrenaline uptake by heart and spleen after intravenous infusion of noradrenaline was measured in the pithed rat. Cocaine, given before the infusion, inhibited the noradrenaline uptake in relation (a) to the dose administered and (b) to the amount of noradrenaline infused. There was an association between increase in the pressor response to a test dose of noradrenaline and inhibition of the uptake by the heart. Drugs related chemically to cocaine, such as alpha-cocaine, amethocaine, and atropine, did not alter the noradrenaline uptake or potentiate the blood pressure response to noradrenaline. The noradrenaline uptake by the heart was unchanged after dibenamine, but blocked by the dichlo…
Neuroinflammatory and behavioral susceptibility profile of mice exposed to social stress towards cocaine effects.
2021
Using the social defeat (SD) model, numerous studies have shown that stressed mice display an enhanced response to the motivational effects of cocaine in the self-administration (SA) and conditioned-place preference (CPP) paradigms. However, not all subjects exposed to stress express its harmful effects. Some are particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of repeated SD, while resilient mice successfully cope with stressful experiences and display adjusted psychological functioning after stress. Vulnerability to develop stress-related disorders, such as depression, has been linked to coping strategies and more recently to individual differences in the immune system. However, no stu…