Search results for "COMPOUND"
showing 10 items of 35174 documents
Ultraviolet A1 radiation induces nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in human skin endothelial cells in the absence of proinflammatory cytokines.
2001
Skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight causes erythema and edema formation as well as inflammatory responses. As some of these ultraviolet-induced effects are potentially mediated by nitric oxide synthases, we examined the role of cytokines and ultraviolet A 1 radiation (340–400 nm) on the expression of the nitric oxide synthase-2 in endothelia of normal human skin biopsies during short-term organ culture as well as expression and activity of the nitric oxide synthase-2 in in vitro cell cultures of human dermal endothelial cells. Both, cytokine challenge (interleukin-1β + tumor necrosis factor-α + interferon-γ) but also ultraviolet A 1 exposure (50 J per cm 2 ) in the absence …
Effects of UV Radiation and Diet on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Skin, Ocular Tissue and Dorsal Muscle of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Held in…
2010
Article published in Photochemistry and Photobiology, 86 (4): 909-919 JUL-AUG 2010 The effect of UV radiation (UVR) on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was assessed by measuring the fatty acid (FA) profiles of muscle, dorsal and ventral skin, and ocular tissues following 4-month long exposures to four different UVR treatments in outdoor rearing tanks. Fish were fed two different diets (Anchovy- and Herring-oil based) that differed in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations. Anchovy-fed salmon had higher concentrations of ALA (alpha-linoleic acid; 18:3n-3), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5n-3) and DPA (docosapentaenoic acid, 22:5n-3) in their muscle tissues than fish fed the H…
Real-world experience with obeticholic acid in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
2021
Background & aims Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line treatment approved for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and an inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OCA under real-world conditions. Methods Patients were recruited into the Italian PBC Registry, a multicentre, observational cohort study that monitors patients with PBC at national level. The primary endpoint was the biochemical response according to Poise criteria; the secondary endpoint was the biochemical response according to normal range criteria, defined as normal levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransfer…
Multimodal Aposematic Defenses Through the Predation Sequence
2021
Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive tastes. Using multiple lines of defense can help prey avoid predators by stimulating multiple senses and/or by acting at different stages of predation. We tested the efficacy of three lines of defense (color, smell, taste) during the predation sequence of aposematic wood tiger moths (Arctia plantaginis) using blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) predators. Moths with two hindwing phenotypes (genotypes: WW/Wy = white, yy = yellow) were manipulated to have defense fluid with aversive smell (methoxypyrazines), body tissues with a…
Flow cytometric analysis of chronic and acute toxicity of copper(II) on the marine dinoflagellateAmphidinium carterae
2001
Background Copper(II) is a heavy metal whose levels have increased in some marine ecosystems to polluting levels. Dinoflagellates, an important phytoplankton group, are at the base of aquatic food chains and bioaccumulation of copper by these microorganisms can result in complex ecosystem alterations, so we investigated how copper disturbs those cells. Methods Cytotoxic effects of sublethal and lethal copper concentrations ranging from 4.2 nM (control condition) to 3.13 μM estimated labile copper were studied in batch cultures of Amphidinium carterae. Cell morphology, motility, autofluorescence, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA)–dependent fluorescence generation were evaluated by flow cytomet…
The role of lipid metabolism in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance inCraterostigma plantagineum: a comparative approach
2013
Summary Dehydration leads to different physiological and biochemical responses in plants. We analysed the lipid composition and the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum. A comparative approach was carried out with Lindernia brevidens (desiccation tolerant) and two desiccation-sensitive species, Lindernia subracemosa and Arabidopsis thaliana. In C. plantagineum the total lipid content remained constant while the lipid composition underwent major changes during desiccation. The most prominent change was the removal of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from the thylakoids. Analysis of molecular species composition rev…
Factors affecting the production of putrescine from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B isolated from wine
2008
Aims: To elucidate and characterize the metabolic putrescine synthesis pathway from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B. Methods and Results: The putrescine formation from agmatine by resting cells (the normal physiological state in wine) of lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine has been determined for the first time. Agmatine deiminase and N-carbamoylputrescine hydrolase enzymes, determined by HPLC and LC-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, carried out the putrescine synthesis from agmatine. The influence of pH, temperature, organic acids, amino acids, sugars and ethanol on the putrescine formation in wine was determined. Conclusions: Resting cells of Lact. hilgardii X 1B produce putrescine …
Regulation of hdc expression and HDC activity by enological factors in lactic acid bacteria.
2008
Aims: The aim of this work was to study the influence of enological factors on the histidine decarboxylase gene (hdc) expression and on histidine decarboxylase enzyme (HDC) activity in Lactobacillus hilgardii, Pediococcus parvulus and Oenococcus oeni. Methods and Results: Cell extracts and whole cells were used. Glucose, fructose, malic acid and citric acid diminished the hdc expression. Ethanol did not increase hdc expression or activity in cells, but increased HDC activity. Temperature and pH had effect on the activity of HDC but not on hdc expression. Tartaric acid and l-lactic acid, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) had no effect on enzyme synthesis and activity. Bacterial species differ in t…
Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selected Egyptian medicinal plants.
2011
Medicinal plants have been used as a source of remedies since ancient times in Egypt. The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity and the cytotoxicity of the organic extracts from 16 selected medicinal plants of Egypt. The study was also extended to the isolation of the antiproliferative compound jaeschkeanadiol p-hydroxybenzoate (FH-25) from Ferula hermonis. The microbroth dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the samples against twelve bacterial strains belonging to four species, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, while a resazurin assay was used to assess the cytoto…
In-Depth Characterization of Bioactive Extracts from Posidonia oceanica Waste Biomass
2019
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