Search results for "CONSOLIDATION"
showing 10 items of 218 documents
The Consolidation of Donatism in the First Half of the Fourth Century
2019
The Donatist Movement represents a phenomenon that can be studied as a paradigm for the emergence of schisms and their evolution from a canonical-disciplinary deviation to a dogmatic-moral one, transforming the dissident group into a heretical one. This study aims to deepen the way in which the resistance of the Numidian clergy was consolidated during the Constantinian dynasty despite the concessions and pressures exerted on it. Keywords: Constantine the Great, North Africa, Donatism, Donatus Magnus, circumcelliones
Effects of Acute Stress on the Oscillatory Activity of the Hippocampus–Amygdala–Prefrontal Cortex Network
2021
Displaying a stress response to threatening stimuli is essential for survival. These reactions must be adjusted to be adaptive. Otherwise, even mental illnesses may develop. Describing the physiological stress response may contribute to distinguishing the abnormal responses that accompany the pathology, which may help to improve the development of both diagnoses and treatments. Recent advances have elucidated many of the processes and structures involved in stress response management; however, there is still much to unravel regarding this phenomenon. The main aim of the present research is to characterize the response of three brain areas deeply involved in the stress response (i.e., to an …
A future European FDI screening system: solution or problem?
2019
The establishment of a mechanism at the European level for screening FDI, on the grounds of national security and public order, constitutes a major step in implementing the EU investment policy. To create an effective system, it must be based on clear common rules, provide certainty and ensure judicial redress.
Premessa al volume: Il cubicolo X13 nella catacomba di Villagrazia di Carini. Indagini preliminari e interventi di consolidamento 2016-2019
2019
This book is dedicated to the archaeological excavations and to the consolidation of the structures of cubicle X13 in the catacomb of Villagrazia di Carini (PA). In 2015 the interesting funerary chamber was seriously damaged by the collapse of the ceiling; from 2016 to 2019, the realization of the recovery and restoration project by the Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra has been the occasion for the study of the rock-cut architectures and of the structural characteristics of the cubicle, one of the most remarkable private funerary spaces in the Early Christian and byzantine cemetery of Carini.
Is fiscal fatigue a threat to consolidation programmes?
2015
Building on a narrative approach to identify episodes of fiscal consolidation, data for a group of 17 industrial countries over the period 1978-2009 and continuous-time duration models, we find evidence suggesting that the likelihood of a fiscal consolidation ending increases over time, but only for programs that last less than six years. Additionally, fiscal consolidations tend to last longer in non-European than in European countries. Our results emphasize that chronic fiscal imbalances might lead to a vicious austerity cycle, while discipline in the behaviour of fiscal authorities is a means of achieving credible and shorter adjustment measures. Therefore, fiscal fatigue is likely to com…
The EU-Africa Trade Agreements
2021
This chapter scrutinizes the successive rounds of EU-Africa agreements and the four-tier preference system of the European Union for developing countries, with special attention to the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). Full EPAs and interim EPAs are reviewed in terms of the resulting country configurations in Africa and their impact on the officially intended consolidation of African regional communities. The analysis concludes that the artificial EPA configurations do not correspond to any existing REC in Africa. If they last, they will have a very critical effect on Africa’s regional economic integration, all the more as they start to be emulated in other trade agreements between Afr…
Bank competition and multimarket contact intensity
2021
Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of multimarket contact on bank competition. We propose a completely new multimarket contact indicator that not only considers the existence of contacts between banks, but also their intensity, by analyzing the strength–weakness position of banks in terms of branch numbers in comparison to their rivals in the markets where they coincide. We test the new indicator empirically in the context of the Spanish banking sector. The main results suggest a negative relationship between market power and the number of multimarket contacts, rejecting the hypothesis of tacit collusion in the Spanish banking sector. However, the result changes completely when we cons…
Financial Globalization, Fiscal Policies and the Distribution of Income
2020
This paper provides evidence that financial globalization—liberalization of the capital account—makes income distribution more uneven by raising the share of income that goes to the richest income deciles. We also offer evidence that changes in domestic fiscal policies in the aftermath of financial globalization are one channel through which these distributional effects could occur. Specifically, we show that episodes of capital account liberalization are followed by greater fiscal consolidation and reduced fiscal redistribution, both of which lead to increased inequality.
The Rise in Inequality after Pandemics: Can Fiscal Support Play a Mitigating Role?
2021
Abstract Major epidemics of the last two decades (SARS, H1N1, MERS, Ebola, and Zika) have been followed by increases in inequality [Furceri et al. (2020), COVID Economics, 12, 138–157]. In this article, we show that the extent of fiscal consolidation in the years following the onset of these pandemics has played an important role in determining the extent of the increase in inequality. Episodes marked by extreme austerity—measured using either the government’s fiscal balance, health expenditures, or redistribution—have been associated with an increase in the Gini measure of inequality three times as large as in episodes where fiscal policy has been more supportive. We survey the evidence th…
The democratization process: An empirical appraisal of the role of political protest
2020
Abstract This paper analyses the role of peaceful and violent protest in the democratization process. We interpret the democratization process as a sequence of phases so as to allow citizens' and elites' preferences for democracy to vary according to the particular phase that a country is experiencing. By doing so we jointly model the probability of protest and of moving through different phases of democracy taking into account time-constant and time-varying unobserved heterogeneity. In particular, we develop a multivariate finite mixture model that introduces a latent variable to capture unobservable factors. On a sample of 171 countries from 1971 to 2010, we provide evidence that protest …