Search results for "CONST"

showing 10 items of 7706 documents

Al-27 and Si-29 Solid-State NMR Characterization of Calcium-Aluminosilicate-Hydrate

2012

International audience; Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the main constituent of hydrated cement paste and determines its cohesive properties. Because of the environmental impact of cement industry, it is more and more common to replace a part of the clinker in cement by secondary cementitious materials (SCMs). These SCMs are generally alumina-rich and as a consequence some aluminum is incorporated into the C-S-H. This may have consequences on the cohesion and durability of the material, and it is thus of importance to know the amount and the location of Al in C-S-H and what the parameters are that control these features. The present paper reports the Si-29 and Al-27 MAS NMR analyses of …

Silicon0211 other engineering and technologiesAnalytical chemistryMineralogychemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyClinker (cement)Inorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compound021105 building & constructionDISORDERED SOLIDSPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCalcium silicate hydrateNUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCECementPORTLAND CEMENTSSPECTROSCOPYELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENTSResonanceCalcium aluminosilicateMQ-MAS NMR021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyTRICALCIUM-SILICATEC-S-HALchemistrySolid-state nuclear magnetic resonance0210 nano-technologyHydrateALUMINUM INCORPORATION
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The structure and stoichiometry of C-S-H

2004

Abstract This review relates to the models describing the structural evolution of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) at the crystal–chemical level as a function of composition in terms of calcium to silicon ratio. The different models are compared and discussed in the light of recent spectroscopic and microscopic data. Taking into account the structure and the morphological properties of C-S-H, a surface reaction thermodynamic model has been proposed and discussed to predict and correlate the chemical and structural evolution of C-S-H with solution chemistry.

SiliconThermodynamicschemistry.chemical_elementMineralogyBuilding and Constructionlaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrylawX-ray crystallographyCalcium silicateGeneral Materials ScienceCrystallizationCalcium silicate hydrateHydrateStoichiometryJenniteCement and Concrete Research
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Theory of the growth mode for a thin metallic film on an insulating substrate

2002

We have developed a novel theory predicting the growth mode of a thin metallic film on an insulating substrate. This combines ab initio electronic structure calculations for several ordered metal/insulator interfaces (varying both coverage and substrate lattice constant), with a thermodynamic approach based on microscopic calculations. We illustrate this approach for Ag film deposited on MgO(0 0 1) substrate. Ab initio calculations predict high mobility of adsorbed silver atoms on the perfect magnesia surface even at low temperatures. Our theoretical analysis clearly demonstrates that the growth of metallic islands is predominant at the initial stage of silver deposition, which agrees with …

SilverCondensed matter physicsChemistryThermodynamic equilibriumAb initio quantum chemical methods and calculationsAb initioEquilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanicsCrystal growthSurfaces and InterfacesElectronic structureGrowthCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsMetalCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceLattice constantTransition metalAb initio quantum chemistry methodsCoatingsvisual_artMaterials Chemistryvisual_art.visual_art_mediumPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersPhysical chemistryMagnesium oxidesSurface Science
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A mutual GrabCut method to solve co-segmentation

2013

Publised version of an article from the journal:Eurasip Journal on Image and Video Processing. Also available on SpringerLink:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-5281-2013-20. Open Access Co-segmentation aims at segmenting common objects from a group of images. Markov random field (MRF) has been widely used to solve co-segmentation, which introduces a global constraint to make the foreground similar to each other. However, it is difficult to minimize the new model. In this paper, we propose a new Markov random field-based co-segmentation model to solve co-segmentation problem without minimization problem. In our model, foreground similarity constraint is added into the unary term of MRF model ra…

Similarity (geometry)Markov random fieldComputer sciencebusiness.industryVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Information and communication science: 420::Algorithms and computability theory: 422ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONVDP::Technology: 500::Information and communication technology: 550Pattern recognitionFunction (mathematics)Term (time)Constraint (information theory)GrabCutComputer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionCutSignal ProcessingSegmentationArtificial intelligenceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessInformation SystemsEURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing
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A plant-wide wastewater treatment plant model for carbon and energy footprint: Model application and scenario analysis

2019

Abstract A new model for accounting carbon and energy footprint of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is proposed. The model quantifies direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to biological and physical processes of a WWTP. The model takes into account several innovative aspects with respect to already available literature models: i. kinetic/mass-balances; ii. nitrification as a two-step process; iii. nitrous oxide (N2O) formation during nitrification and denitrification both in dissolved and off-gas forms. A full-scale application has been performed by adopting the case study of a real WWTP. A scenario analysis was performed to quantify the influence of: composition of …

Simplified model020209 energyStrategy and ManagementBiomasschemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyWastewater treatmentIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringScenario analysis0505 lawGeneral Environmental ScienceSettore ICAR/03 - Ingegneria Sanitaria-AmbientaleRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment05 social sciencesEnvironmental engineeringBuilding and ConstructionNitrogenEnergy consumptionchemistryWastewaterPlant-wide modelGreenhouse gas050501 criminologyEnvironmental scienceSewage treatmentNitrificationGHGCarbon
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Simplified analytical models for compressed concrete columns confined by FRP and FRCM system

2017

In order to consider the response of concrete columns confined by FRP and FRCM system, proper models have to be formulated. In this context the present paper shows a generalized criterion for the determination of the increase in strength, in ductility and in dissipated energy for varying corner radius ratio of the cross section and fiber volumetric ratio. The procedure is based on the best fitting of several experimental data and unlike the usual empirical approaches available in the literature, the proposed technique relates the confinement effectiveness to a single parameter representative of the relative stiffness between the original concrete core and the reinforcement system. Furthermo…

Simplified modelComputer science0211 other engineering and technologies020101 civil engineeringContext (language use)02 engineering and technology0201 civil engineeringCross section (physics)021105 building & constructionConcrete columns; Corner radius ratio; Fiber volumetric ratio; FRP and FRCM jacketing; Simplified model; Civil and Structural Engineering; Building and Construction; Materials Science (all); Mechanics of MaterialsGeneral Materials ScienceLimit (mathematics)DuctilityFiber volumetric ratioReliability (statistics)Civil and Structural Engineeringbusiness.industryFRP and FRCM jacketingStructural engineeringBuilding and ConstructionDissipationFibre-reinforced plasticMechanics of MaterialsCorner radius ratioSolid mechanicsMaterials Science (all)businessConcrete column
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Site symmetry approach applied to the supercell model of MgAl2O4 spinel with oxygen interstitials: Ab initio calculations

2018

This study has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has been provided funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The authors are indebted to E.A. Kotomin, A.I. Popov and R. Vila for stimulating discussions. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Calculations have been performed using both the Marconi supercomputer system at the Computational Simulation Centre (Italy) and the Computer Center of St. Petersburg State University.

Single neutral oxygen interstitialMaterials scienceGeneral Computer ScienceBand gapSite symmetryGeneral Physics and Astronomy02 engineering and technologyengineering.material010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMolecular physicsPhysics::GeophysicsCrystalCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceLattice constantPerfect crystalAb initio quantum chemistry methods:NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories]General Materials ScienceBulk modulusSpinelMgAl2O4 spinelGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical sciencesComputational MathematicsMechanics of MaterialsengineeringWyckoff positions0210 nano-technologyFirst principles calculations
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Cultural Heritage

2007

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) portable devices are now being used for nondestructive in situ analysis of water content, pore space structure and protective treatment performance in porous media in the field of cultural heritage. It is a standard procedure to invert T 1 and T 2 relaxation data of fully water-saturated samples to get “pore size” distributions, but the use of T 2 requires great caution. It is well known that dephasing effects due to water molecule diffusion in a magnetic field gradient can affect transverse relaxation data, even if the smallest experimentally available half echo time τ is used in Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill experiments. When a portable single-sided N…

Single-sided NMR deviceGeologic SedimentsPORE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONSMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyTime FactorsField (physics)Scale (ratio)Surface PropertiesSample (material)DiffusionDephasingBiomedical EngineeringBiophysicsInhomogeneous magnetic fieldsDiffusionNuclear magnetic resonanceRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingNMR SINGLE-SIDEDChemistryConstruction MaterialsRelaxation (NMR)WaterPOROUS MEDIANMRArchaeologyNMR relaxationNuclear magnetic resonance in porous mediaPorous mediaNMR relaxationSingle-sided NMR deviceInhomogeneous magnetic fieldsCultural heritageCULTURAL HERITAGEPorous mediumPorosity
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Homeomorphic graph manifolds: A contribution to the μ constant problem

1999

Abstract We give a characterization, in terms of homological data in covering spaces, of those maps between (3-dimensional) graph manifolds which are homotopic to homeomorphisms. As an application we give a condition on a cobordism between graph manifolds that guarantees that they are homeomorphic. This in turn is applied to give a partial result on the μ -constant problem in (complex) dimension three.

SingularityDimension (graph theory)CobordismBanach manifoldHomology equivalenceCovering spaceμ constant problemMathematics::Algebraic TopologyMathematics::Geometric TopologyDistance-regular graphManifoldCombinatoricsCoxeter graphSeifert fibered spaceMilnor fiberGraph manifoldEdge-transitive graphRicci-flat manifoldComplex algebraic surfaceGeometry and TopologyMathematics::Symplectic Geometry3-manifoldHomeomorphismMathematicsTopology and its Applications
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Bioadhesive monolayer film for the in vitro transdermal delivery of sumatriptan

2006

The work presented here aims to develop a bioadhesive monolayer film containing sumatriptan as adjuvant for the treatment of headache pain in a severe migraine attack. Permeation experiments were performed from the films prepared and from the respective solution, to evaluate the relevant permeation parameters. The effect of the penetration enhancers Transcutol, 2-pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol 600 was evaluated. The results obtained show that Transcutol and 2-pyrrolidone decreased sumatriptan permeation from solution, whereas a modest increase was produced by polyethylene glycol 600. The enhancers produced the same effects when they were included in the film. Compared to solution, the…

Skin AbsorptionBioadhesivePharmaceutical SciencePolyethylene glycolIn Vitro TechniquesPharmacologyAdministration CutaneousPermeabilityDosage formPolyethylene Glycolschemistry.chemical_compoundDrug Delivery SystemsMonolayerAnimalsVasoconstrictor AgentsMedicineSkinTransdermalSumatriptanbusiness.industryPenetration (firestop)PermeationPyrrolidinonesSumatriptanchemistryEthylene GlycolsRabbitsbusinessBiomedical engineeringmedicine.drugJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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