Search results for "CONTROL"
showing 10 items of 13168 documents
Autonomous vehicle with communicative driving for pedestrian crossing: Trajectory optimization
2020
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) is a key technology for this century. One of the main challenges is to define a smart interaction behavior of CAV with the other road users. The challenge is mainly raised at conflicting points where path of CAV intersects with the other users. Recent studies show interaction with humans is a big challenge. It not only requires a collision avoidance system but also more communicative behaviors of the CAV. More precisely, pedestrian needs to understand the intention of the incoming CAV whether it will cross first or not according to its speed profile. One way to overcome this issue is to design optimal trajectory control of the CAV that matches with th…
School Bike Sharing Program: will it Succeed?
2020
Abstract Encouraging active and sustainable transport modes in order to limit the excessive use of cars, as well as reducing pollutant emissions and creating livable urban environments, has become one of the priorities for policymakers in recent years. The introduction of innovative systems increasingly being introduced in modern cities, such as bike sharing, can certainly contribute to the spread of cycling and thus allow a radical change in the mobility habits of their citizens. This can be especially true for high-school students who are often otherwise accompanied by their parents with private cars. This article aims to assess the influence that a bike sharing program for students has o…
Messages beyond the phone: Processing variable message signs while attending hands-free phone calls.
2021
We examined the effects of different types of cognitive distraction coming from a hands-free phone conversation on the processing of information provided by variable message signs (VMS), on driving performance indicators, and on a physiological index of mental effort (heart rate). Participants drove a route in a driving simulator and had to respond to VMS messages under three conditions: no-distraction, visuospatial distraction (attending phone calls with questions inducing visuospatial processing), and conceptual distraction (attending phone calls with questions requiring semantic memory). Results showed more errors responding to VMS messages in the visuospatial distraction condition. In a…
Effectiveness and user acceptance of infotainment-lockouts: A driving simulator study
2019
Abstract Lockout is a system-initiated distraction mitigation strategy that renders certain features of in-vehicle information systems (IVISs) non operable while the vehicle is in motion. The aim of this driving simulator study was to examine the influence of lockouts on driving performance and user acceptance. Overall, 52 participants performed six tasks with fully unlocked, partially locked, and completely locked IVIS. Within a repeated-measures design, we assessed user acceptance. As participants were free to decide where to conduct a secondary task, we could only analyse driving performance of 26 drivers. After each driving section, the participants rated the respective system with resp…
GIS Infomobility for Travellers
2016
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are essential systems to support decisions on territorial and environmental aspects. But they not always have been properly used for this purpose. Only in recent years GIS have been getting better used for the planning, management and control of the territory. The application of GIS to the transport sector has become relevant both for management and decision-making in support of Public Administration (PA) and citizens. GIS are particularly useful for roads and routing graphs management capabilities as well as for searching the most suitable path. The results achieved in this research activity aimed to evaluate different road graphs, proprietary and fre…
Psychosocial factors associated with helmet use by adult cyclists
2019
Abstract: This study examines beliefs about helmet use in adult cyclists from 17 countries participating in the COST Action TU1101 Project (Helmet Optimization in Europe – HOPE). A total of 5797 respondents were included in the analysis after applying eligibility criteria and data cleaning. Cyclists' beliefs were assessed by 25 items using a 7-point Likert scale. These items were factor analyzed resulting in a four-factor solution (Factor 1: Perceived Benefits and Risk Reduction, Factor 2: Perceived Disadvantages and Barriers to Helmet Use, Factor 3: Perception of Group Norms, and Factor 4: Situation-Dependence of Helmet Use). Results show that both beliefs and helmet wearing behavior diffe…
Measuring situations that stress Mexicans while driving
2016
The purpose of this paper is to construct a scale that will help determine the aspects involved in driving a motor vehicle that influence the levels of stress in a human being. Two complementary studies were conducted: the first one determined, by qualitative methods, the aspects of driving that 103 participants found most stressful whilst driving; the second was a validation of the scale constructed with said information on 295 participants (142 males, 153 females, age mean 37.41, std. dev. 14.008). The scale included 22 situations that were then evaluated on a Likert scale to assess the level of stress they evoke. These items were arranged on 3 factors, and descriptive statistics were com…
The behavioral validity of dual-task driving performance in fixed and moving base driving simulators
2016
Abstract Next generation automotive hardware and user interfaces are increasingly pre-tested in driving simulators. What are the potential limitations of such simulations? We determined the relative and absolute validity of five different driving simulators at the Daimler AG by evaluating five functions of an in-vehicle system based on the guideline of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (2006). The simulations were compared to on-road driving. We hypothesized that not only simulator characteristics, but also user characteristics, such as simulator sickness, gender, or age, influence behavioral validity. Even though relating simulator characteristics and user characteristics to driving…
Would New Zealand adolescents cycle to school more if allowed to cycle without a helmet?
2018
Abstract Introduction The effectiveness of bicycle helmet use in preventing head injuries has been well documented. Mandatory helmet-use legislation is present in multiple countries including New Zealand. However, studies examining the correlates of adolescents' perception that they would cycle to school more often if helmet legislation was repealed are scant. This study examined these correlates in a sample of New Zealand adolescents. Methods Adolescents (n = 774; age: 13–18 years) from all 12 secondary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand, completed an online questionnaire about their cycling to school and cycling in general behaviours and perceptions and opinions about bicycle helmet use as a…
Driver ageing does not cause higher accident rates per km
2002
Abstract Based on Finnish survey data, older (65+, n =1559) and younger (26–40, n =310) drivers’ accident rates were compared. In accordance with earlier studies, the rates were similar per driver (0.1) but there was a non-significant trend towards older drivers having more accidents per distance driven (10.8 vs. 8.3 per 1 million km). However, when the accidents-per-km comparison was made in groups matched for yearly exposure, there is no evidence for higher risk with increasing age. In both age groups, risk per km decreased with increasing yearly driving distance. We suggest that the previous perception of an age-related risk increase of accidents per distance driven arises from a failure…