Search results for "COPD"

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in the diaphragm of patients with COPD.

2007

COPD is associated with an increased load on the diaphragm. Since chronic muscle loading results in changes in antioxidant capacity and formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, we hypothesized that COPD has a similar effect on the diaphragm, which is related to the severity of COPD. Catalase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) formation were measured using western blotting. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that catalase activity was approximately 89% higher in the diaphragm of severe COPD patients (FEV1 37+/-5% predicted…

A comprehensive evaluation of potential lung function associated genes in the SpiroMeta general population sample

2011

Lung function measures are heritable traits that predict population morbidity and mortality and are essential for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Variations in many genes have been reported to affect these traits, but attempts at replication have provided conflicting results. Recently, we undertook a meta-analysis of Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) results for lung function measures in 20,288 individuals from the general population (the SpiroMeta consortium). OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively analyse previously reported genetic associations with lung function measures, and to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genomic regions…

Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021

Abstract In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial–viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response…

[Recommendations for end-of-life care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

2009

Over the last 20 years, advances in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have improved survival even among patients in the most advanced stages of the disease, such as those requiring domiciliary oxygen therapy.1,2 This improvement—in principle a positive development—has given rise to considerable clinical problems associated with the establishment of a therapeutic ceiling and the difficulty of determining prognosis in some of these patients. In this situation, the clinician should consider introducing palliative care, that is, care aimed at improving symptom control, communication, physical activity, and emotional support, in order to achieve the best…

The pathogenetic role of the chaperonin Hsp60 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new data and perspectives

2012

Th17-related cytokine expression is increased in the bronchial mucosa of stable COPD patients

2009

Background: There is an increased number of activated Tl lymphocytes in the bronchial mucosa of stable COPD patients but are absent studies on Th17 cells and their effector cytokines.Objectives: To investigate the expression of retinoic orphan receptor(ROR)C2, interleukin(IL)-17A,IL-17F,IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 in bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD of different severity(stage 2 to 4)compared with age-matched control subject(smokers with normal lung function and lifelong non-smokers).Methods: The expression of RORC2,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 was measured in the bronchial mucosa using immunohistochemistry and/or real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: …

Role of Smads in respiratory disease pathogenesis

2008

Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) cytokine plays an important role in normal pulmonary morphogenesis and function as well as in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. The principal signaling pathway downstream to activate TGFβ is the Smad pathway. Even though many studies have focused on Smads’ structural features and pathway, less is known about the possible relationship between protein and mRNA expression of Smads and lung diseases. This review will focus on Smads and sum up what is know about their role in some respiratory diseases: COPD,asthma end fibrosis

Chaperones in disease: quantitative changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

2010

BPCO E OSTEOPOROSI

2013

COPD and osteoporosis are frequently associated because they have common risk factors, including age, smoking habits and reduced physical activity. COPD is also characterized by systemic inflammation, malnutrition (up to cachexia), hypovitaminosis D, and the use of local and systemic corticosteroids, all of which could cause deterioration in bone quality with a consequent increase in fragility fractures. These fractures may further impair mobility and increase disability and mortality. The vertebral and rib fractures can directly further affect lung function and promote exacerbations. As a result, the assessment of fracture risk in patients with COPD is of vital importance from the earliest…

Use of ICS in COPD: From Blockbuster Medicine to Precision Medicine

2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, whose burden is expected to increase in the next decades, because of numerous risk factors, including the aging of the population. COPD is both preventable and treatable by an effective management including risk factor reduction, prevention, assessment, and treatment of acute exacerbations and co-morbidities. The available agents approved for COPD treatment are long-acting or ultra-long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) bronchodilators, as well as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with LABAs. ICS use has been restricted only to selected COPD patients by th…