Search results for "COPD"

About Objective 3-D Analysis of Airway Geometry in Computerized Tomography

2008

The technology of multislice X-ray computed tomography (MSCT) provides volume data sets with approximately isotropic resolution, which permits a noninvasive 3-D measurement and quantification of airway geometry. In different diseases, like emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cystic fribrosis, changes in lung parenchyma are associated with an increase in airway wall thickness. In this paper, we describe an objective measuring method of the airway geometry in the 3-D space. The limited spatial resolution of clinical CT scanners in comparison to thin structures like airway walls causes difficulties in the measurement of the density and the thickness of these structures.…

CCL5(RANTES) inhibits TGFbeta1 induced collagen production in human bronchial epithelial cells by action of Smad protein

2009

Airway epithelial cells modulate bronchial remodelling in COPD and asthma. TGF-β1 up-regulation was observed in the bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatics and COPD patients. TGF-β is involved in airways remodelling mainly acting via the Smad pathway. Increased CCL5 was also observed in bronchi of patients with severe COPD. We investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on collagen type I, Smad 3-4 and 7 expression and the effects of CCL5 on TGF-β1-induced collagen production in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE).Cells were treated with 10ng/ml of TGF-β1, 10ng/ml of CCL5 and 10ng/ml of both TGF-β1 and CCL5 for 0,3 and 24 hours.TGF-b1 increased Smad3,Smad4 and collagen type I(p=0.0472, p=0.043…

TGFbeta signaling: roles of Smads

2009

Extracellular vesicles in airway homeostasis and pathophysiology

2021

The epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) is a morphofunctional entity involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of airways as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “muco-microbiotic layer” (MML) is the innermost layer of airways made by microbiota elements (bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi) and the surrounding mucous matrix. The MML homeostasis is also crucial for maintaining the healthy status of organs and its alteration is at the basis of airway disorders. Nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML elements are probably the most important tool of communication among the different cell types, inclu…

Initiation of Mono vs. Dual Bronchodilation in the Therapy-Naive COPD Patient in the German Daccord Cohort

2020

Profile of glycopyrronium for once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD

2012

Bronchodilators are central in the symptomatic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β(2)-agonists (LABAs) are the main classes of long-acting bronchodilators. To date, tiotropium is the only once-daily LAMA available for the treatment of COPD. Glycopyrronium is a novel LAMA, currently in development for COPD. Phase II studies have shown that glycopyrronium 50 μg once daily provides clinically significant 24-hour bronchodilation with a rapid onset of action, which is faster than that of tiotropium, and a favorable safety and tolerability profile. The Phase III GLycopyrronium bromide in COPD airWays (GLOW) progr…

Effects of aclidinium on determinants of COPD severity: symptoms and quality of life

2016

Marco Contoli,1 Paolo Solidoro,2 Fabiano Di Marco,3,4 Nicola Scichilone,5 Angelo Corsico,6 Fulvio Braido,7 Pierachille Santus4,8 1Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 2Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute, Turin, Italy; 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 4Respiratory Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonology (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 6Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; 7Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of G…

Impact of DLK1-DIO3 imprinted cluster hypomethylation in smoker patients with lung cancer

2016

DNA methylation is important for gene expression and genome stability, and its disruption is thought to play a key role in the initiation and progression of cancer and other diseases. The DLK1-DIO3 cluster has been shown to be imprinted in humans, and some of its components are relevant to diverse pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the methylation patterns of the DLK1-DIO3 cluster in patients with lung cancer to study its relevance in the pathogenesis of this disease. We found a characteristic methylation pattern of this cluster in smoking associated lung cancer, as compared to normal lung tissue. This methylation profile is not patent however in lung cancer of …

Predictors of mortality in COPD patients after hospitalization due to an exacerbation

2019

Aim: Identify factors related to mortality at 6 months after hospitalization by an acute COPD exacerbation (AECOPD). Method: We performed a 12-month prospective, observational study (July 2017-June 2018) that included COPD patients admitted by an AECOPD. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, functional and clinical parameters were collected. Mortality at 6 months of admission was considered the end point. Results: 278 consecutive patients were enrolled, of whom 48 (16.2%) died during 6 months after AECOPD. Univariate analysis showed that age (p Conclusions: In COPD patients, Barthel Index, grade of dyspnea and previous hospitalizations are independent risk factors for mortality at 6 months,…

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: outstanding questions and future directions

2018

BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare hereditary condition that leads to decreased circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels, significantly increasing the risk of serious lung and/or liver disease in children and adults, in which some aspects remain unresolved. METHODS: In this review, we summarise and update current knowledge on alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in order to identify and discuss areas of controversy and formulate questions that need further research. RESULTS: 1) AATD is a highly underdiagnosed condition. Over 120,000 European individuals are estimated to have severe AATD and more than 90% of them are underdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: 2) Several clinical and…