Search results for "CORT"
showing 10 items of 3558 documents
Local administration of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B abrogates established experimental colitis in mi…
1996
Chronic intestinal inflammation induced by 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) is characterized by a transmural granulomatous colitis that mimics some characteristics of human Crohn's disease. Here, we show that the transcription factor NF-kappa B p65 was strongly activated in TNBS-induced colitis and in colitis of interleukin-10-deficient mice. Local administration of p65 antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides abrogated clinical and histological signs of colitis and was more effective in treating TNBS-induced colitis than single or daily administration of glucocorticoids. The data provide direct evidence for the central importance of p65 in chronic intestinal inflammation and …
Effects of emotional picture viewing on voluntary eye blinks
2014
Eyeblinks, whether reflexive or voluntary, play an important role in protecting our vision. When viewing pictures, reflexive eyeblinks are known to be modulated by the emotional state induced thereby. More specifically, the hedonic valence (unpleasantness-pleasantness) induced by the picture has been shown to have a linear relationship with the amplitude of a startle blink elicited during picture viewing. This effect has been attributed to congruence between an ongoing state and task demands: an unpleasant emotional state is assumed to bias our attention towards potentially harmful stimuli, such as startle tones. However, recent research suggests that the valence-specific modulation may not…
Straight gyrus morphology in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum patients
2010
et al.
Reduced oscillatory gamma-band responses in unmedicated schizophrenic patients indicate impaired frontal network processing
2004
Abstract Objective Integration of sensory information by cortical network binding appears to be crucially involved in target detection. Studies in schizophrenia using functional and diffusion tensor neuroimaging, event-related potentials and EEG coherence indicate an impairment of cortical network coupling in this disorder. Previous electrophysiological investigations in animals and humans suggested that gamma activity (oscillations at around 40 Hz) is essential for cortical network binding. Studies in medicated schizophrenia provide evidence for a reduced gamma activity in the context of auditory stimulus processing. This is the first investigation of oscillatory activations in the gamma-b…
Variations in genes regulating neuronal migration predict reduced prefrontal cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar subjects from mediterranean Spain…
2005
Both neural development and prefrontal cortex function are known to be abnormal in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In order to test the hypothesis that these features may be related with genes that regulate neuronal migration, we analyzed two genomic regions: the lissencephaly critical region (chromosome 17p) encompassing the LIS1 gene and which is involved in human lissencephaly; and the genes related to the platelet-activating-factor, functionally related to LIS1, in 52 schizophrenic patients, 36 bipolar I patients and 65 normal control subjects. In addition, all patients and the 25 control subjects completed a neuropsychological battery. Thirteen (14.8%) patients showed genetic varia…
Emotional words induce enhanced brain activity in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations.
2005
Neuroimaging studies of emotional response in schizophrenia have mainly used visual (faces) paradigms and shown globally reduced brain activity. None of these studies have used an auditory paradigm. Our principal aim is to evaluate the emotional response of patients with schizophrenia to neutral and emotional words. An auditory emotional paradigm based on the most frequent words heard by psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations was designed. This paradigm was applied to evaluate cerebral activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 11 patients with schizophrenia with persistent hallucinations and 10 healthy subjects. We found a clear enhanced activity of the fronta…
Estimation of the dimensionality of sleep-EEG data in schizophrenics
1993
Deterministic chaos could be regarded as a healthy flexibility of the human brain necessary for correct neuronal operations. Several investigations have demonstrated that in healthy subjects the dimensionality of REM sleep is much higher than that of slow wave sleep (SWS). We investigated the sleep-EEG of schizophrenic patients with methods from nonlinear system theory in order to estimate the dynamic properties of CNS. We hypothesized that schizophrenics would reveal alterations of their dynamic EEG features indicating impaired information processing. In 11 schizophrenic patients, the EEG's dimensionality during sleep stages II and REM was reduced. We suggest that such lower dimensional ch…
Differential pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced P300 amplitude in schizophrenia and depression: a single trial analysis
1997
In order to address basic mechanisms behind a reduced averaged P300 wave in schizophrenia and depression, 17 unmedicated schizophrenic and 11 unmedicated depressive subjects were tested in an 'oddball paradigm' against healthy controls matched for gender and age. The amplitude distributions of single trials' maximum positive deflections after stimulation (P300) for both target and nontarget stimuli were determined, which served as a basis for calculating the discrimination index d'. This index characterizes differences in the electrophysiological responses to target and nontarget stimuli of a subject being engaged in a discrimination task. As a main result d' was significantly lower for sch…
Neurodevelopmental subtypes of bipolar disorder are related to cortical folding patterns: An international multicenter study
2018
Objectives Brain sulcation is an indirect marker of neurodevelopmental processes. Studies of the cortical sulcation in bipolar disorder have yielded mixed results, probably due to high variability in clinical phenotype. We investigated whole-brain cortical sulcation in a large sample of selected patients with high neurodevelopmental load. Methods A total of 263 patients with bipolar disorder I and 320 controls were included in a multicentric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. All subjects underwent high-resolution T1-weighted brain MRI. Images were processed with an automatized pipeline to extract the global sulcal index (g-SI) and the local sulcal indices (l-SIs) from 12 a priori dete…
Subchronic haloperidol downregulates dopamine synthesis capacity in the brain of schizophrenic patients in vivo
2003
Udgivelsesdato: 2003-Apr The antipsychotic effect of neuroleptics cannot be attributed entirely to acute blockade of postsynaptic D(2)-like dopamine (DA) receptors, but may arise in conjunction with the delayed depolarization block of the presynaptic neurons and reduced DA synthesis capacity. Whereas the phenomenon of depolarization block is well established in animals, it is unknown if a similar phenomenon occurs in humans treated with neuroleptics. We hypothesized that haloperidol treatment should result in decreased DA synthesis capacity. We used 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-dopa (FDOPA) and positron emission tomography (PET) in conjunction with compartmental modeling to measure the relative activi…