Search results for "COSTS"

showing 10 items of 332 documents

Economic and environmental sustainability of an AnMBR treating urban wastewater and organic fraction of municipal solid waste

2016

[EN] The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic and environmental sustainability of a sub- merged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating urban wastewater (UWW) and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) at ambient temperature in mild/hot climates. To this aim, power requirements, energy recovery from methane (biogas methane and methane dissolved in the effluent), consumption of reagents for membrane cleaning, and sludge handling (polyelectrolyte and energy consumption) and disposal (farmland, landfilling and incineration) were evaluated within different operating scenarios. Results showed that, for the operating conditions considered in this study, AnMBR tec…

INGENIERIA HIDRAULICAEnvironmental EngineeringMunicipal solid waste0208 environmental biotechnologySewageIncineration02 engineering and technologyWastewater010501 environmental sciencesManagement Monitoring Policy and LawSolid WasteOrganic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)Waste Disposal Fluid01 natural sciencesBioreactorsBiogasUrban wastewater (UWW)Ambient temperatureWaste Management and DisposalEffluentTECNOLOGIA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE0105 earth and related environmental sciencesEnergy recoverySewageWaste managementSulfatesbusiness.industryAnaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR)Life cycle analysis (LCA)TemperatureEnvironmental engineeringMembranes ArtificialGeneral MedicineRefuse Disposal020801 environmental engineeringIncinerationEnergy consumptionWaste Disposal FacilitiesWastewaterBiofuelBiofuelsCosts and Cost AnalysisEnvironmental sciencebusinessMethane
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I costi nella gestione del paziente con dispepsia funzionale

2000

Objective To estimate direct and indirect costs to society of caring for patients with functional dyspepsia, as well as willingness to pay (WTP) values on the part of the dyspeptic patients enrolled in the study for treatment of the main symptom of illness.

Indirect costsmedicine.medical_specialtyWillingness to paybusiness.industryHealth PolicyFamily medicineMedicinePharmacology (medical)businessPharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles
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Management of returned anti-neoplastic treatments and their reuse in oncology patients

2009

Abstract Objective Analyse the profile of parenteral preparation and treatment (anti-neoplastic and supplementary) that were dispensed and returned to the Pharmacy Department, the reasons why they were not administered, their reuse and the associated direct costs. Method Longitudinal study over 8 months (October 2004-May 2005) in a tertiary hospital with centre for preparing anti-neoplastic agents (including supplementary treatment) in its Pharmacy Department. The variables studied, downloaded from the Oncofarm® application, are as follows: a) patients and diagnostics; b) returned treatments, classified by reason returned, pharmaco-therapeutic scheme, cycle, and day; c) returned preparation…

Indirect costsmedicine.medical_specialtybusiness.industryInternal medicineSafety criteriaMedicineOncology patientsPharmacybusinessAnti neoplasticLevofolinic acidConfidence intervalFarmacia Hospitalaria (English Edition)
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Dinamiche competitive dei principali prodotti ittici in Italia: possibili strategie di intervento

2011

Over the last few years, the Italian fishery sector has showed a tendential reduction in the economic performance because of the contraction of the value of the product, as a result of the fall in the catches and in the production average prices of the main species, and of the growing operational costs. Therefore, the contraction of the National supply is balanced by the imports which, in terms of value in the reference period tested in the current study (2003/04 – 2007/08) have grown, causing a further burdening in the absolute value of the Italian trade balance. The outlined background is made further worse by the slowdown, in few years, in the rise in the fishery products consumptions, d…

International marketEconomics and EconometricsCompetitiveneItalian fishery sectorPurchasing powerBalance of tradeInternational tradeCertificationAgricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)Competitive advantageCommerceSettore AGR/01 - Economia Ed Estimo RuraleEconomicsOperational costsAgronomy and Crop ScienceIndustrial organizationECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE
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Higher Education Institutions Quality and Graduate Wages in Tunisia

2017

International audience; We estimate the effect of university characteristics on the return to higher education in Tunisia. We use a variety of administrative data from the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, the Ministry of Vocational Training and Employment and the National Social Security Fund. We consider econometric approaches based on multilevel modeling, which distinguishes more precisely between the effects of individual factors and institutional factors on earnings. Our findings confirm the relationship between the income and some university characteristics such as the number of permanent teachers, the selectivity of the higher learning institutions at the academic orientatio…

JEL : I - Health Education and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions/I.I2.I23 - Higher Education • Research InstitutionsJEL : J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J3 - Wages Compensation and Labor Costs/J.J3.J31 - Wage Level and Structure • Wage Differentials[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Educationeducation[ SHS.EDU ] Humanities and Social Sciences/EducationJEL: I - Health Education and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions/I.I2.I23 - Higher Education • Research InstitutionsTertiary educationDevelopment countryJEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J3 - Wages Compensation and Labor Costs/J.J3.J31 - Wage Level and Structure • Wage DifferentialsJEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C29 - Other[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceMultilevel ModelIncomes[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceJEL : C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C29 - OtherUniversity effect
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Internal vs. external R&D teams: Evidences from the Italian wine industry

2021

R&D teams' internationalization attracts interests from different research-streams. However, the decision on what type of R&D structure is more convenient to invest in may differ, based on several factors, such as risk-taking propensity and internal resource availability. With an aim to enrich the extant literature and to provide practical insights for managers working in the wine industry, this case study explores the determinants of an Italian family-owned winery that attempts to keep a balance between its internal and external R&D teams' decision, using an integrated theoretical framework based on the transaction costs and the resource-based view theory. The optimal R&D s…

Knowledge managementmedia_common.quotation_subjectCase studyN500Human capitalUnit (housing)Resource (project management)Settore AGR/01 - Economia Ed Estimo Rurale0502 economics and businessResource-based viewHuman capitalN400N100N200Reputationmedia_commonMarketingTransaction costTransaction costsTangible and intangible resourcesbusiness.industry05 social sciencesWineryInternationalizationIn-house investments050211 marketingbusinessResource-based view050203 business & managementReputation
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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESS INNOVATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OLIVE FARMS

2014

Within a business enterprise, process innovations l ead to reduced production costs and to increased profit margins. In this study, we shall examine an olive farm that operates in a perfectly competitive market that has introduced a process innovation so as to contain labour costs and therefore production costs. So, the paper aimed at comparing economic co mpetitiveness of an olive farm that introduced mechanical olive pickers (process innovation) for h arvest respect to manual harvest. In the case under scrutiny, for the same price, the reduced productio n cost determined a shift from a situation of being at a loss to one of profit for the business. Economic analysis showed that introducti…

Labour economicsMultidisciplinaryCompetitiveness Costs Farms ProfitabilityCompetitive advantageProfit (economics)Agricultural scienceBusiness enterpriseSettore AGR/01 - Economia Ed Estimo RuraleProfit marginEconomicsEconomic analysisPerfect competitionProfitability indexProcess innovationAmerican Journal of Applied Sciences
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Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for surgical treatment of obese women with endometrial cancer: A cost-benefit comparative analysis

2019

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the cost of obese patients affected by endometrial cancer undergoing open surgery compared with minimally invasive surgery. In the retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2), the economic expenditure in pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative phases of the selected patients was evaluated. Costs were analyzed for all blood tests, instrumental examinations, consultations, operating materials, drugs, gynecological examinations, hospital stay, intensive care hospitalization and management of operative complications. The average length of stay was longer for patients who underwent laparotomy, with an almost doubl…

Laparoscopic surgeryCancer Researchmedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.medical_treatmentlaparoscopyeconomic expenditurecostsopen surgery03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineIntensive careLaparotomycostmedicineLaparoscopymedicine.diagnostic_testobesebusiness.industryEndometrial cancerCancerRetrospective cohort studyArticlesmedicine.diseaseSettore MED/40 - Ginecologia E OstetriciaGynecological ExaminationSurgeryOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisendometrial cancer030211 gastroenterology & hepatologybusinessMolecular and Clinical Oncology
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Towards Climate Neutrality: Economic Impacts, Opportunities and Risks

2023

The monograph has been prepared and published within the framework of the Ministry of Economics research project “Modeling and analysis of the economic impact of climate goals” at the University of Latvia Faculty of Business, Management and Economics Productivity Research Institute “UL think tank LV PEAK”.

Latvian energy sectorLong-term macroeconomicEnergy transition in India:SOCIAL SCIENCES::Business and economics::Economics [Research Subject Categories]Life cycle of renewable energyEnergy policy - EuropeFactors affecting energy costsMeasuring a perceived quality of the environment in RigaSubstitution elasticity of energy and other production factorsClimate neutrality
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A trade-off between current and future sex allocation revealed by maternal energy budget in a small mammal.

2011

Sex-allocation theories generally assume differential fitness costs of raising sons and daughters. Yet, experimental confirmation of such costs is scarce and potential mechanisms are rarely addressed. While the most universal measure of physiological costs is energy expenditure, only one study has related the maternal energy budget to experimentally controlled offspring sex. Here, we experimentally test this in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) by simultaneously manipulating the litter's size and sex ratio immediately after birth. Two weeks after manipulation, when mothers were at the peak of lactation and were pregnant with concurrent litters, we assessed their energy budget. We found that …

Litter (animal)MaleLitter SizeOffspringBiologyTrade-offcosts of reproductionGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyPregnancydaily energy expendituremedicineAnimalsLactationSex Ratiobank voleSex allocationhealth care economics and organizationsResearch ArticlesGeneral Environmental SciencePregnancyGeneral Immunology and MicrobiologyEcologyArvicolinaeReproductionBody Weightcostly sonsGeneral MedicineEnergy budgetbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseBank voleMilkfood consumptionFemaledoubly labelled waterGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesEnergy MetabolismSex ratioDemographyProceedings. Biological sciences
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