Search results for "CROWD"
showing 10 items of 265 documents
Breaking down the word length effect on readers’ eye movements
2015
Previous research on the effect of word length on reading confounded the number of letters (NrL) in a word with its spatial width. Consequently, the extent to which visuospatial and attentional-linguistic processes contribute to the word length effect on parafoveal and foveal vision in reading and dyslexia is unknown. Scholars recently suggested that visual crowding is an important factor for determining an individual’s reading speed in fluent and dyslexic reading. We studied whether the NrL or the spatial width of target words affects fixation duration and saccadic measures in natural reading in fluent and dysfluent readers of a transparent orthography. Participants read natural sentences …
Motivation to engage in crowdsourcing: Towards the synthetic psychological–sociological model
2021
Abstract This article is aimed at analysis of user participation in web-based crowdsourcing projects in the digital humanities (DH) field, with a focus on what motivates these volunteers.1 The first aim of the article is a critical analysis of models of motivators for involvement offered to date. The analysis is based on a review of DH crowdsourcing literature, as a result of which there is an indication of shortcomings of the psychological data-driven approach that has dominated thus far. The second aim of the article is to offer a new model that synthesizes the psychological-motivation approach with a sociological one. Applying Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Capital, the motivation model cre…
How best to measure discretionary fiscal policy? Assessing its impact on private spending
2013
We develop a novel empirical approach to assess the effect of discretionary fiscal policy on private spending consisting of three stages: 1) extract the discretionary component of fiscal policy by estimating a fiscal policy rule; 2) use the residuals of the first-stage regression to investigate the existence of crowding-in and/or crowding-out effects both in the short and the medium term; and 3) condition the response of private spending on a set of country characteristics. We find that an expansion in discretionary fiscal policy boosts growth in the short term, but is detrimental in the medium term. In addition, the empirical findings suggest that the effect of discretionary fiscal policy …
Medical Support for Children's Mass Gatherings
2003
AbstractIntroduction:Medical care must be well-planned for mass gatherings. Events such as fairs, concerts, parades, and rallies cause many people to gather in one place, increasing the chance of injuries and for the development of a disaster. In this study, the level and quality of medical care were evaluated at a mass gathering of approximately 100,000 children. The event was a television-sponsored fun fair.Methods:Every patient contact was documented on printed forms, including data such as the number of patients treated, gender of the patients, presence or absence of a parental escort, time distribution of patient contacts, the diagnoses for the patient contacts, specific therapies appl…
Long-term analysis of upper incisor crowding. A longitudinal study orthodontically treated patients
2010
Introduction: Although there are numerous studies in the literature on alignment stability in the lower arch, there are few referring to the upper arch. Aims: To assess upper arch stability (irregularity index, widths and length of arch, overjet and overbite) in orthodontically treated patients by comparing late incisor stability with the initial malocclusion and type pf treatment undertaken. Study design: The study models of 51 patients, treated with or without extractions, were analysed at three different points in time: pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and post-retention (T3) (average 5 years). The following parameters were measured: irregularity index, arch length, inter-canine a…
Impaction of permanent mandibular second molar: A retrospective study
2013
Objective: To determine the prevalence of impacted mandibular second molar (MM2) and the association between MM2 impaction and crowding. The clinical significance of the angle between first and second mandibular molar and of the space between the first mandibular molar (MM1) and the anterior margin of mandibular ramus in MM2 impaction were also evaluated. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study , from the dental records of 2,945 caucasian young orthodontics patients, 40 subjects with MM2 impaction were included in a study group (SG) and compared with a control group (CG) of 200 subjects without MM2 impactions. The crowding, the angle of inclination of MM2, the distance between MM1…
Cross-sectional study of correlation between mandibular incisor crowding and third molars in young Brazilians
2012
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate transversally the clinical correlation between lower incisor crowding and mandible third molar. Study Design: Three hundred healthy volunteers (134 male and 166 female), aged 20.4 (±2.4) years-old were submitted to a complete clinical examination and filled up a questionnaire about gender, age, total teeth number and presence or absence of superior and inferior third molar. After a recent panoramic radiography were evaluated. The multiple logistic regression showed that none of the studied factors influenced the mandibular incisor crowding. Results: The proportion of both molars present or both absent was higher than the other conditions (Ch…
Predictors of emergency department referral in patients using out-of-hours primary care services
2016
Background Out of hours (OOH) doctors could manage many cases limiting the inappropriate accesses to ED. However the possible determinants of referral to ED by OOH doctors are poorly studied. We aimed to characterize patients referred from the OOH to ED service in order to explore the gate-keeping role of OOH service for hospital emergency care and to facilitate future research in improving its cost-effectiveness. Methods A retrospective study was made through data collection of 5217 contacts in a local OOH service in the North-East of Italy (from 10/01/2012 to 03/31/2013). Results Only 8.7% (=454 people) of the total contacts were referred to ED. In the multivariate analysis, the significa…
A long-term evaluation of treated Class II division 2 malocclusions: a retrospective study model analysis
1999
Pre-treatment, end of treatment, and post-retention study models of 30 subjects with a Class II division 2 malocclusion were assessed, after a period of at least 3 years, in order to evaluate the long-term changes in occlusion, alignment, and arch dimensions. Molar relationship correction was found to be stable after retention. There were no variables which could be used to establish a prognosis of vertical stability. Over-correction of overbite was seen to relapse. Ten per cent of the cases showed unacceptable anterior maxillary irregularities after retention. Mandibular arch width and length usually showed a decrease after retention. An increase in lower intercanine width and arch length …
Rhinitis as a risk factor for depressive mood in pre-adolescents: a new approach to this relationship
2014
Background Respiratory allergic symptoms impact on social life and school activities, influencing the patient's mood states. We evaluated the relationships between allergic respiratory diseases and depressive/anxious mood in a large sample of Italian middle school students, using the partial directed acyclic graph (P-DAG). Methods We studied 1283 subjects aged 10–13. A health respiratory questionnaire including questions relevant to socioeconomic status (HCI) and a test for depression and anxiety were administered. All subjects performed spirometry and skin prick tests. Results A causal role of rhinitis on depression was found: the likelihood of being depressed increased from 11.2 to 17.7%,…