Search results for "CYP"
showing 10 items of 480 documents
Second-Line Endocrine Treatment
1988
It was a milestone of cancer therapy in general when Huggins et al. [1] in 1941 first reported the beneficial clinical effects of bilateral orchiectomy in patients with prostate cancer, and the use of castration or estrogens as standard therapy remained the first- line treatment for many years. It was furthermore the beginning of a development which, over the following decades, led to the manipulation of testicular androgen synthesis and to attempts to eliminate other possible sources of male hormones.
Oestrogen — Androgen Balance in Human Breast and Prostate Cancer
1980
Although we conventionally categorise the hormonal steroids as oestrogens, progestins, corticoids or androgens it is more realistic to consider that the steroids exhibit a continuous spectrum of biological effects.
Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated by Flutamide versus Cyproterone Acetate
2004
Abstract Objectives: This trial was designed to compare the efficacy of Flutamide (FLU) versus Cyproterone acetate (CPA) in men with metastatic prostate cancer and favourable prognostic factors. The primary endpoint of the trial was overall survival, disease specific survival, time to progression and side effects were secondary endpoints. The results pertaining to sexual function were already reported [Br J Cancer 82(2) (2000) 283]. Material and Methods: The trial was designed to detect a 50% improvement in median overall survival with 80% power. At the time of the present report, the trial provides 88% power to detect the planned difference of 50% with a 2-sided Logrank test and 80% power …
Budżet obywatelski – analiza porównawcza Gorzowa Wielkopolskiego i Opola
2020
Pojęcie budżetu obywatelskiego jako szczególnej formy konsultacji społecznych zostało wprowadzone do ustawy o samorządzie gminnym dopiero w 2018 r. Mieszkańcy danego miasta są corocznie decydentami w zakresie części wydatków budżetu gminy. Przykładem dobrych praktyk są omawiane w niniejszym artykule Opole, gdzie rozwiązanie to wprowadzono w 2014 r. (I edycja budżetu na 2015 r.) oraz Gorzów Wielkopolski, który wprowadził budżet obywatelski już w 2012 r. (I edycja budżetu na 2013 r.). W artykule wskazano na podobieństwa i różnice proceduralne wynikające z regulaminów budżetów obywatelskich obu miast, a następnie przedstawiono podział środków finansowych w ramach budżetów oraz kategorie zadań …
Salmo trutta is more sensitive than Oncorhynchus mykiss to early-life stage exposure to retene
2021
Salmonids are known to be among the most sensitive fish to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), but very little is known about the sensitivity of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), which has declined and is endangered in several countries of Europe and Western Asia. We investigated the sensitivity of brown trout larvae to a widespread dioxin-like PAH, retene (3.2 to 320 μg.L−1), compared to the larvae of a salmonid commonly used in toxicology studies, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mortality, growth, cyp1a induction and the occurrence of deformities were measured after 15 days of exposure. Brown trout larvae showed a significantly higher mortality at 320 μg.L−1 compared to rainbow trout lar…
Immunoreactivity of Roach,Rutilus rutilus,Following Laboratory Exposure to Bleached Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents
1998
Abstract In order to study immunomodulation, controlled laboratory experiments were carried out with roach ( Rutilus rutilus ) exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) or spent bleach liquor (SBL) from two pulp and paper mills using elementary chlorine and chlorine dioxide for bleaching. The total number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) and the number of specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were determined by ELISPOT assay. Exposure to BKME resulted in decreased numbers of ISC in the spleen. To study the capability of response against foreign antigens the fish were immunized with bovine γ-globulin. Exposure to BKME or SBL reduced antigen-specific ASC response in fish. Moreov…
Vertical distribution of AhR-activating compounds in sediments contaminated by modernized pulp and paper industry
2013
Increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity is a sensitive biomarker of exposure to the chemicals which activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce the cytochrome P450 system, such as many polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pulp bleaching was one of the main sources of PCDDs and PCDFs until elemental chlorine free (ECF) and total chlorine free bleaching processes since 1990s have remarkably decreased but not completely eliminate discharges of these chemicals. In addition, historically contaminated sediments may act as a source of these persistent contaminants. In this study, the contam…
Do historical sediments of pulp and paper industry contribute to the exposure of fish caged in receiving waters?
2011
Field experiments were conducted in early summer 2004 by caging brown trout (Salmo trutta m. lacustris) in Southern Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) for 10 days. Cages were positioned into two depths at four distances (5 to 17 km) from the pulp and paper mill; one set with direct contact to the sediment and other locating at the three meters' depth from the water surface. Resin acids were measured from sediment, water, and fish bile. Possible toxicities were investigated by measuring liver EROD-activity, HSP70-protein, and gene expression profiles by microarray. The concentration of resin acids in the sediment showed clear gradient along the distance from the mill, and their concentrations in water…
The capacity of liver microsomes to form benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide-DNA adducts and induction of cytochrome P450 1A in feral fish exposed to pulp mil…
1996
An investigation was made of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction, determined by the activity of EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase), and formation of benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide-DNA (BPDE-DNA) adducts, measured by synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry, in liver microsomes of perch (Perca fluviatilis), bream (Abramis brama), and roach (Rutilus rutilus). Fish were collected from the southern part of Lake Saimaa (Finland), an area polluted by effluents from the pulp and paper industry. In addition, two conjugation enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase) were determined. Overall, when compared to an upstream reference, EROD activity was higher in fish at waters…
Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) on physiological parameters of roach (Rutilus rutilus) infected by the digenean Rhipidocotyle fennica.
2002
Physiological parameters were measured after experimental infection of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) with Rhipidocotyle fennica Gibson, Valtonen et Taskinen, 1992 (Digenea) cercariae. The fish were caught from two lakes: a eutrophic bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME)-contaminated lake and an oligotrophic unpolluted lake. The intensity of infection was followed up to 10 days post infection (p.i.) and physiological parameters indicating non-specific stress responses and the condition of fish were examined simultaneously. The mean abundance, the number of parasites per fish, of R. fennica was significantly higher in the fish from the contaminated water during the first two days p.i., probably re…