Search results for "CYP"

The taxonomic position of Roesleria subterranea

2006

The genus Roesleria was introduced with the single species Roesleria hypogaea (current name: R. subterranea) by Thümen in 1877. The species was originally described from roots of grapevine and recognised as a facultative root-rotting parasite. The mazaediate ascoma with evanescent asci led to the assumption that Roesleria would be an ally of mazaediate lichens. In this study we calculate 28S, 18S as well ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA phylogenies. These data indicate that Roesleria is closely related to Hymenoscyphus (Helotiales). In contrast to other members of the Helotiales, the ascospores of Roesleria are passively released, and a distinct apical apparatus cannot be observed by LM. Electron optic …

Haemolytic activity and characterization of nematocyst venom fromPelagia noctiluca(Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

2013

We investigated the haemolytic capacity of the crude venom extracted from isolated nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa), and evidenced the proteic fractions responsible for this activity. The nematocyst venom was used at various concentrations to evaluate the haemolytic activity and the lysosomal membrane stability of red blood cells of two teleostean species treated with the extract. The nematocyst extract was assayed against erythrocytes of the two teleostean species living in different environments, Carassius auratus as a common freshwater species, and Liza aurata as a representative of seawater species. Experiments on the haemolytic activity of P. noctiluca in the pres…

Luminometric sub-nanoliter droplet-to-droplet array (LUMDA) and its application to drug screening by phase I metabolism enzymes.

2012

Here we show the fabrication of the Luminometric Sub-nanoliter Droplet-to-droplet Array (LUMDA chip) by inkjet printing. The chip is easy to be implemented and allows for a multiplexed multi-step biochemical assay in sub-nanoliter liquid spots. This concept is here applied to the integral membrane enzyme CYP3A4, i.e. the most relevant enzymatic target for phase I drug metabolism, and to some structurally-related inhibitors.

Metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids.

2001

Some metabolic effects of dietary marine oils, or of dietary eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid are reviewed. It is pointed out that docosahexaenoic acid appears more effective as regards induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Similarly, docosahexaenoic appears more powerful in terms of suppression of hepatic delta9-desaturase activity and mRNA-levels. The potential inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, on mitochondrial beta-oxidation is discussed. Experiments with rats suggesting that the hypolipidaemic response of eicosapentaenoic acid is more marked when the fatty acid was given to fed rats, as compared to fasted rats, are discussed.

Biopartitioning micellar chromatography: An alternative high-throughput method for assessing the ecotoxicity of anilines and phenols

2007

An investigation of the use of the chromatographic retention (log k) as an in vitro approach for modelling the toxicity to Fathead Minnows of anilines and phenols is developed. A data set of 65 compounds with available experimental toxicity data was used. Log k data at three pH values were used for the compounds classification and two groups or 'MODEs' were identified. For one 'MODE' a quantitative retention-activity relationship (QRAR) model was calculated. Finally, it was used to estimate the toxicity to Fathead minnows of anilines and phenols for which experimental data are not available. These estimations were compared to those obtained from another toxicity (to Tetrahymena pyriformis) …

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and CD95 ligand: A dual mechanism for hepatocyte apoptosis in chronic alcoholism

2002

Apoptosis plays an important role in the progression of alcohol-induced liver disease to cirrhosis. Oxidative stress is an early event in the development of apoptosis. The major aim of this study was to study the conditions in which oxidative stress occurs in chronic alcoholism and its relationship with apoptosis of hepatocytes. We have found that oxidative stress is associated with chronic ethanol consumption in humans and in rats, in the former independently of the existence of alcohol-induced liver disease. Ethanol or acetaldehyde induces apoptosis in hepatocytes isolated from alcoholic rats, but not in those from control rats. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, but not of cytochrome …

A newin vitroapproach for the simultaneous determination of phase I and phase II enzymatic activities of human hepatocyte preparations

2007

Primary hepatocytes are still the best qualified in vitro system to anticipate drug metabolism in man. Recent advances in hepatocytes cryopreservation have notably increased their use not only for drug metabolism studies, but also for other applications such as cell transplantation. Evaluation of the drug-metabolizing competence of each hepatocytes preparation is needed. To date, the metabolic characterization of hepatocytes preparations relies on the assessment of phase I activities and the role of phase II enzymes receives little attention. A novel approach for the rapid assessment of the metabolic functionality of hepatocytes has been developed. A five-probe cocktail was used to simultan…

Oxygenated germacranes from Santolina chamaecyparissus

1993

The polar fraction of an extract of Santolina chamaecyparissus ssp. squarrosa yielded six new germacrane derivatives and a novel seco-germacrane lactone. The structures have been derived from spectral data, X-ray diffraction and chemical correlations.

Sexual Deviation and Paraphilias

2006

Randomised controlled study with cyproterone acetate (100 mg/die) versus Pygeum africanum (200 mg/die) in benign prostatic hypertrophy

1994

A multi-centre comparative study was carried out on 143 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and reduced or no sexual activity. 74 patients were treated with a low dose of CPA (100 mg a day) and 69 with PYG (200 mg a day), administered orally and assigned randomly. The patients were evaluated at 4,12 and 24 weeks. Results showed a significant statistical difference in favour of the CPA treatment for almost all parameters (flow, post-micturitional residue, symptomatological score). There was a decrease in prostate volume, equal to 19.3% compared to the initial values, only in those patients treated with CPA who completed the treatment. Considerable improvement in nicturia and micturit…