Search results for "Calorie"
showing 10 items of 66 documents
Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population
2014
SummaryMice and humans with growth hormone receptor/IGF-1 deficiencies display major reductions in age-related diseases. Because protein restriction reduces GHR-IGF-1 activity, we examined links between protein intake and mortality. Respondents aged 50–65 reporting high protein intake had a 75% increase in overall mortality and a 4-fold increase in cancer death risk during the following 18 years. These associations were either abolished or attenuated if the proteins were plant derived. Conversely, high protein intake was associated with reduced cancer and overall mortality in respondents over 65, but a 5-fold increase in diabetes mortality across all ages. Mouse studies confirmed the effect…
A lifestyle intervention with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and physical activity enhances HDL function: a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus ra…
2021
Background Consumption of a Mediterranean diet, adequate levels of physical activity, and energy-restricted lifestyle interventions have been individually associated with improvements in HDL functions. Evidence of intensive interventions with calorie restriction and physical activity is, however, scarce. Objectives To determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet plus physical activity enhanced HDL function compared to a non-hypocaloric Mediterranean eating pattern without physical activity. Methods In 391 older adults with metabolic syndrome (mean age, 65 years; mean BMI, 33.3 kg/m2) from 1 of the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea-Plus t…
Approaches to study yeast cell aging and death
2014
For millennia, yeast has been exploited to obtain fermentation products, such as foods and beverages. For c. 50 years, yeast has been an established model organism for basic and applied research, and more specifically, for c. 15 years, this unicellular organism has been applied to dissect molecular mechanisms of cell aging and programmed cell death. In this review, we present an overview of approaches to study cell aging and death in yeast, including lifespan assessments, calorie restriction, cell viability, survival, and death markers.
Seasonal cues to food scarcity and calorie cravings: Winter cues elicit preferences for energy-dense foods
2021
Abstract Winter cues signal a scarcity of food. Birds and mammals respond to such environmental cues by consuming more energy. They convert this surplus into body fat that serves as a buffer against impending food shortages. Similarly, humans exhibit higher obesity rates among food-insecure populations. However, to date, it has been unclear whether winter cues qualitatively affect consumers’ food preferences. Results from five studies ( N = 865), with one of them preregistered, show that watching videos depicting winter cues elicits thoughts about energy-dense foods and survival. Such cues elicit higher preferences for energy-dense than low-calorie foods, as verified by meta-analytic eviden…
Calorie restriction causes multiple beneficial metabolic adaptations linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals: Result…
2022
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Understanding the temporal association and relative power of anthropometric, body composition and energy metabolism measurements of calorie restriction (CR) in predicting metabolic and hormonal adaptations is important, given the clinical and public health implications of excess weight and adiposity. METHODS: Anthropometric (body weight, BMI, waist circumference), body composition (body fat and lean mass by DXA), energy metabolism (leptin and total daily energy intake by doubly labelled water [DLW]) markers and an extensive assessment of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and hormonal risk factors were obtained in 191, 21–50 year old non-obese (BMI 22·0–27·9 kg/m2) women a…
Improving Brain Creatine Uptake by Klotho Protein Stimulation: Can Diet Hit the Big Time?
2021
Creatine plays a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics, acting as a temporal and spatial energy buffer in cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements (1). Jeopardizing delicate creatine homeostasis can be detrimental to many energy-demanding tissues, including the brain. For instance, cerebral creatine hypometabolism accompanies various neurological conditions, including a number of developmental disorders (2, 3), neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases (4, 5), and brain cancer (6). A reduced creatine availability in the brain has been thus recognized as an apposite therapeutic target, and supplying exogenous creatine to compensate for a disease-driven shortfall emerged as a…
Exercise as a calorie restriction mimetic. Implications for the treatment of age associated frailty
2018
The free radical theory of aging has provided a theoretical framework for an enormous amount of work leading to advances in our understanding of aging. A critical blow to the free radical theory of aging came from epidemiological studies showing that antioxidant supplementation did not lower the incidence of age-associated diseases. However, work from many laboratories supports the theory, for instance showing that overexpression of antioxidant enzymes results in increases not only in life-span but also in health-span. Improving healthy aging means delaying disability. Disability is often preceded by a state characterized by reduced capacity to respond to stressors, caused by a decline in f…
549 Prevention of Obesity Through Healthy Nutrition in the First Year of Life
2012
Background Obesity, defined as excess body fat can be diagnosed at 6 months. In children, BMI percentiles are used, defining the overweight between 85–95 and obesity >95. The main predictors of primary obesity in infancy are high birthweight, parental obesity, low total energy expenditure and energy intake (EI). Aim Calculation of optimal EI in infants. Method Calculation of estimated energy requirements (EER) for infants was made according to the formulas: [(89×Gkg)-100]+175 between 0–3 months, [(89×Gkg)-100]+56, between 4–6 months, [(89×Gkg)-100]+22, between 7–12 months. Calculation of fluid requirements was made according to Apert formula: G g /10+200(300). Results Were studied 11 infant…
Could starvation minimize chemotherapy-induced toxicities?
2008
Background: In their recent paper Raffaghello, et al. examined the use of short-term starvation (STS) to induce differential stress resistance (DSR), that is increased protection of normal over cancer cells against chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress, using a range of model organisms. Objective/methods: We examine the results of this study and their significance. Results/conclusions: Raffaghello, et al. obtained evidence that STS induced DSR in yeast, mammalian cell cultures, and mice. It is possible that calorie restriction extends lifespan and prevents chronic diseases like tumors, by braking proliferation. We think that molecular mechanisms determining STS-induced DFS in mammals should…
Postnatal programming cardiometabolic risk : effects of moderate caloric restriction in adulthood
2016
Postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) in rodents induces early programming of cardio-metabolic risk. Our aim was to determine if a moderate diet restriction could restore cardio-metabolic alterations induced by PNOF.Immediately after birth, litters of C57BL/6 mice were either maintained at 9 (normal litter, NL), or reduced to 3 (small litter, SL) to induce PNOF. At weaning, all mice received a standard diet ad libitum (AL). At 6 month of age, half of the NL and SL mice were assigned to a moderate 20% calorie restriction (CR: NLCR, SLCR) for one month, while the other mice continued to eat AL (AL: NLAL, SLAL). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, cardiac function (echocardiography), body composition …