Search results for "Canada"
showing 10 items of 103 documents
Prosocial development from childhood to adolescence: a multi-informant perspective with Canadian and Italian longitudinal studies.
2009
Objectives: To longitudinally describe prosocial behaviour development from childhood to adolescence, using multiple informants within Canadian and Italian samples. Method: Participants in Study 1 were 1037 boys from low socioeconomic status (SES) areas in Montreal, Canada, for whom yearly teacher and mother reports were obtained between the ages of 10 and 15. Participants in Study 2 were 472 children (209 girls) from Genzano, Italy, for whom yearly self and teacher reports were obtained between the ages of 10 and 14. Developmental trajectories were estimated from ratings by each informant to identify subgroups of children following distinct courses of prosocial development. Results: In …
Modeling the relationship between rapid automatized naming and literacy skills across languages varying in orthographic consistency
2015
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to contrast the prominent theoretical explanations of the rapid automatized naming (RAN)-reading relationship across languages varying in orthographic consistency (Chinese, English, and Finnish) and (b) to examine whether the same accounts can explain the RAN-spelling relationship. In total, 304 Grade 4 children (102 Chinese-speaking Taiwanese children, 117 English-speaking Canadian children, and 85 Finnish-speaking children) were assessed on measures of RAN, speed of processing, phonological processing, orthographic processing, reading fluency, and spelling. The results of path analysis indicated that RAN had a strong direct effect on reading flue…
Physical Activity of Children With and Without Long-Term Illness or Disability
2011
Background:We know very little about physical activity in children with long-term illness or disability compared with those children without disabilities. Previous studies indicate low physical activity levels among all adolescents.Methods:The sample consisted of Canadian (n = 2720) and Finnish pupils (n = 3459) approximately 13.5 and 15.5 years of age in general (mainstreamed) education. The study is a part of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Nationally representative data were collected in 2002 using a standardized questionnaire. The moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity screening measure was used.Results:Approximately one-fifth of the pupils in both co…
Smoking trends among adolescents from 1990 to 2002 in ten European countries and Canada.
2006
Abstract Background Daily smoking adolescents are a public health problem as they are more likely to become adult smokers and to develop smoking-related health problems later on in their lives. Methods The study is part of the four-yearly, cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, a school-based survey on a nationally representative sample using a standardised methodology. Data of 4 survey periods are available (1990–2002). Gender-specific daily smoking trends among 14–15 year olds are examined using logistic regressions. Sex ratios are calculated for each survey period and country. Interaction effects between period and gender are examined. Results Daily smoking preval…
Una tipología de desajustes entre competencias y educación utilizando un análisis comparativo entre países
2015
This paper aims to discuss the value of the diplomas and the situation of downgrading on the labour market. Its novelty is to compare skills both acquired and required in employment, using a self - assessment carried out by young higher education graduates a cross nine countries of Europe, Japan and Canada. More precisely, we illustrate the incidences of diploma and skill mismatches using three higher education graduate surveys, two international surveys (CHEERS, REFLEX) and a Canadian survey (NGS). We define possible over - education and skill mismatches and then present an empirical typology to show the most frequent cases of mismatches. The ideal situation which corresponds to a perfect …
La valeur des compétences dépasse t'elle la valeur des diplômes ?: les enseignements de trois enquêtes internationales sur l'insertion des diplômés d…
2012
Cette communication est une contribution aux débats concernant la valeur des diplômes et la situation de déclassement sur le marché du travail. L'originalité est de comparer les compétences acquises et requises dans l'emploi à partir d'une auto-évaluation réalisée par les jeunes diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur dans neuf pays d'Europe, au Japon et au Canada.
Air conditioning and heat-related mortality: a multi-country longitudinal study
2020
Background: Air conditioning has been proposed as one of the key factors explaining reductions of heat-related mortality risks observed in the last decades. However, direct evidence is still limited. Methods: We used a multi-country, multi-city, longitudinal design to quantify the independent role of air conditioning in reported attenuation in risk. We collected daily time series of mortality, mean temperature, and yearly air conditioning prevalence for 311 locations in Canada, Japan, Spain, and the USA between 1972 and 2009. For each city and sub-period, we fitted a quasi-Poisson regression combined with distributed lag non-linear models to estimate summer-only temperature–mortality associ…
Unequal Attainments: Ethnic educational inequalities in ten Western countries
2014
Western countries have become increasingly diverse in recent decades and these demographic trends are certain to continue. The resulting ethnic diversity is a major challenge to policy-makers, who need to tackle issues of social justice and social integration. Education plays a pivotal role since it is the major stepping stone for the children of immigrants to successful economic integration and also plays a major role in social and political integration more generally since education gives access to the skills, resources and contacts which enable individuals to participate fully in the life of their society. Our central research questions are: Do the descendants of migrants experience equa…
Pathways enabling educational success for vulnerable immigrants in Switzerland, Canada and France
2014
Parcours d'études favorisant l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur des jeunes d'origine immigrée en Suisse, France et au Canada - Les politiques éducatives des dernières décennies ont favorisé les poursuites d'études des élèves jusqu'aux niveaux post-secondaires. Ces politiques devraient contribuer à réduire certaines inégalités connues dans le système éducatif en améliorant la réussite scolaire des groupes défavorisés ou vulnérables tels les enfants d'origine immigrée ou de milieu social modeste. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à préciser non seulement si, mais aussi comment les parcours scolaires, permettent l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur des jeunes d'origine immigrée, en mobilisant tro…
Parcours scolaires, accès aux études supérieures et mobilité sociale : comparaison entre la France, la Suisse et le Canada
2016
Le présent article examine dans quelle mesure l’organisation des trajectoires scolaires et les parcours conduisant à l'enseignement supérieur favorisent la mobilité sociale ou au contraire la reproduction des inégalités. Nous avons comparé trois pays : la France, la Suisse et le Canada. Les résultats obtenus à partir des données tirées des panels d’enquêtes menées dans ces trois pays permettent d’observer deux situations inversées. Plus l’enseignement supérieur est valorisé au détriment de la formation professionnelle, plus les inégalités ont tendance à s’exacerber. La compétition y est telle que ce sont les jeunes de milieu favorisé qui tirent davantage profit de son expansion. Par contre,…