Search results for "Cancer Research"
showing 10 items of 5684 documents
Radiotherapy for the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma: 7-year outcomes by a mono-institutional experience.
2020
Objectives: Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is characterized by a single mass of clonal plasma cells. Definitive RT can result in long-term local control of the SP. Due to the small number of patients and narrow range of doses, phase III randomized trials are lacking. The aim of this study is to further support the potential use of RT for the treatment of SP. Methods: Clinical data of all patients treated for SP at our Institution between 1992 and 2018 were reviewed. A total of 42 consecutive patients were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up was 84.8 months. Radiation dose did not differ significantly as a function of sex, type of SP (solitary bone plasmacytoma or as extramedullary plasmacyt…
Effect of ABC transporter expression and mutational status on survival rates of cancer patients
2020
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate multidrug resistance in cancer. In contrast to DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms in normal tissues, the role of mutations in tumors is unknown. Furthermore, the significance of their expression for prediction of chemoresistance and survival prognosis is still under debate. We investigated 18 tumors by RNA-sequencing. The mutation rate varied from 27,507 to 300885. In ABCB1, three hotspots with novel mutations were in transmembrane domains 3, 8, and 9. We also mined the cBioPortal database with 11,814 patients from 23 different tumor entities. We performed Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to investigate the effect of ABC transporter expression …
Cancer-associated circulating large extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.
2017
Background & Aims Large extracellular vesicles, specifically AnnexinV + EpCAM + CD147 + tumour-associated microparticles (taMPs), facilitate the detection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) as well as pancreas carcinoma (PaCa). Here we assess the diagnostic value of taMPs for detection and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Specifically, the aim of this study was to differentiate liver taMPs from other cancer taMPs, such as CRC and NSCLC. Methods Fluorescence-activated cell scanning (FACS) was applied to detect various taMP populations in patients' sera that were associated with the presence of a tumour (AnnexinV + Ep…
Centenarians Overexpress Pluripotency-Related Genes.
2018
Abstract Human mesenchymal cells can become pluripotent by the addition of Yamanaka factors OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4. We have recently reported that centenarians overexpress BCL-xL, which has been shown to improve pluripotency; thus, we aimed to determine the expression of pluripotency-related genes in centenarians. We recruited 22 young, 32 octogenarian, and 47 centenarian individuals and determined the mRNA expression of Yamanaka factors and other stemness-related cell surface marker genes (VIM, BMP4, NCAM, BMPR2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that centenarians overexpress OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, VIM, BMP4, NCAM, and BMPR2…
Detection of RET rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinoma using RT-PCR and FISH techniques - A molecular and clinical analysis.
2019
Abstract Introduction Oncogenic BRAF and RAS mutations as well as multiple known (and yet unknown) RET fusion oncogenes comprise the majority of causative molecular alterations in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Apparently “mutation-negative” PTCs encompass a heterogenous group impeding analysis of prognostic significance of underlying genetics. Material and methods BRAF wild type PTC tissue of 56 patients was analyzed using two established methods: hybrid-specific RT-PCR for the predominant rearrangement RET/PTC1 and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Clinical features of the cases with and without RET rearrangement were compared (patient age, gender, tumor size, focality, lymph …
The JAK2 pathway is activated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2018
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most rapidly progressive and fatal fibrotic disorder, with no curative therapies. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is activated in lung fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells (ATII), thereby contributing to lung fibrosis in IPF. Although activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) has been implicated in proliferative disorders, its role in IPF is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze JAK2 activation in IPF, and to determine whether JAK2/STAT3 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease. Methods and results: JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/pSTAT3 expression was evaluated using quantitative …
Impact of somatic mutations in myelodysplastic patients with isolated partial or total loss of chromosome 7
2020
Monosomy 7 [-7] and/or partial loss of chromosome 7 [del(7q)] are associated with poor and intermediate prognosis, respectively, in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but somatic mutations may also play a key complementary role. We analyzed the impact on the outcomes of deep targeted mutational screening in 280 MDS patients with -7/del(7q) as isolated cytogenetic abnormality (86 with del(7q) and 194 with -7). Patients with del(7q) or -7 had similar demographic and disease-related characteristics. Somatic mutations were detected in 79% (93/117) of patients (82% in -7 and 73% in del(7q) group). Median number of mutations per patient was 2 (range 0-8). There was no difference in mutation frequen…
Cellular and molecular basis of the imbalance between vascular damage and repair in ageing and age-related diseases: As biomarkers and targets for ne…
2016
Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that specific subsets of cells isolated from the peripheral blood, play an essential role in the imbalance of damage and repair during age-associated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and cancer. Endogenous regeneration of the vessel wall involves cells of the vascular wall, inflammatory cells, circulating precursors, and mature endothelial cells, which are capable to restore the endothelium in a concerted interaction. Early detection of such imbalances with specific biomarkers may reduce age-associated diseases and subsequent cardiovascular events. Likewise, new strategies have …
A Computational Assay of Estrogen Receptor α Antagonists Reveals the Key Common Structural Traits of Drugs Effectively Fighting Refractory Breast Can…
2017
AbstractSomatic mutations of the Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) occur with an up to 40% incidence in ER sensitive breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing prolonged endocrine treatments. These polymorphisms are implicated in acquired resistance, disease relapse, and increased mortality rates, hence representing a current major clinical challenge. Here, multi-microseconds (12.5 µs) molecular dynamics simulations revealed that recurrent ERα polymorphisms (i. e. L536Q, Y537S, Y537N, D538G) (mERα) are constitutively active in their apo form and that they prompt the selection of an agonist (active)-like conformation even upon antagonists binding. Interestingly, our simulations rationalize, for the firs…
TRAIL–NP hybrids for cancer therapy: a review
2017
IF 7.367; International audience; Cancer is a worldwide health problem. It is now considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. In the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-cancer therapies, allowing the cure of patients suffering from this disease, or at least helping to prolong their lives. Several cancers, such as those of the lung and pancreas, are still devastating in the absence of therapeutic options. In the early 90s, TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily, attracted major interest in oncology owing to its selective anti-tumor properties. Clinical trials u…