Search results for "Cancer"

Vaccination with ENO1 DNA Prolongs Survival of Genetically Engineered Mice with Pancreatic Cancer

2013

Background & Aims Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive tumor, and patients typically present with late-stage disease; rates of 5-year survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy are low. Antibodies against α-enolase (ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme, are detected in more than 60% of patients with PDA, and ENO1-specific T cells inhibit the growth of human pancreatic xenograft tumors in mice. We investigated whether an ENO1 DNA vaccine elicits antitumor immune responses and prolongs survival of mice that spontaneously develop autochthonous, lethal pancreatic carcinomas. Methods We injected and electroporated a plasmid encoding ENO1 (or a control plasmid) into Kras G12D /Cre (KC) mice …

The impact of head and neck radiotherapy on the dentine-enamel junction: a systematic review

2019

Background Radiotherapy is widely used in contemporary head and neck cancer treatment protocols. The ability of head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) to cause direct radiogenic destruction to the teeth is one of the most controversial topics in the field of oral oncology. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate ionising radiation as an independent factor for physical and chemical changes on the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ), a pivotal dental topography for the onset and progression of radiation-related caries (RRC) and enamel delamination. Material and Methods Systematic searches were conducted on three databases: Scopus, MEDLINE (Via PubMed) and Embase (Elsevier). Laboratory stu…

Tubular carcinoma of the breast: Outcome and loco-regional recurrence in 307 patients

2005

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to describe the University of Florence experience in evaluating clinical, pathologic and treatment factors as they are related to the outcome and loco-regional recurrence in patients with tubular breast carcinoma. Material and methods Three hundred and seven patients (median age 56.4 years, range 26–91 years) with histological verified tubular carcinoma of the breast were consecutively treated at University of Florence from 1976 to 2001. All patients were followed for a median of 8.4 years (range 3 months to 20 years). Thirty-seven women underwent mastectomy and 270 underwent breast conserving surgery. Positive axillary nodes were found in 15% of pa…

The Potential Use of Resveratrol for Cancer Prevention.

2019

In addition to the traditional treatments of cancer and cancer prevention, the use of natural compounds, especially those found in food, should be considered. To clarify if resveratrol has the potential for cancer prevention and the possibility of use in therapy, the following must be taken into account: data from epidemiology, clinical protocol (case and control), preclinical studies (lab animals), use of established cell lines as models of cancer cells, test tube assays (enzymes activities), and requirements of nanotechnologies in order to discover new drugs to fight cancer. From this perspective and future expected advances, more information is needed such as improved efficacy, methods o…

Evaluation of Flavonoid Derivative and Doxorubicin Effects in Lung Cancer Cells (A549) Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry Method.

2018

Purpose: Electrochemical measurements have prompted the progress as a consequence of their affectability, cost-affectivity and comparatively short examination time. The aim of this study was the fast evaluation of the effect of chemotherapy compounds on the viability of lung cancer cells (A549) via electrochemical methods. Methods: Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used as a primary method to distinguish between electrochemical behavior of normal and lung cancer cells. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed as a complementary analyses method for the impact of doxorubicin (DOX) and Flavonoid modified drug (FMD) (US patent Application number: 62548886) on Lung cancer cells. Results: Only…

Generating p53-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by recombinant adenoviral vector-based vaccination in mice, but not man.

2002

Mutations and aberrant expression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein are the most frequent molecular alterations in human malignancy. Peptides derived from the wild-type (wt) p53 protein and presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for T lymphocyte recognition are believed to serve as universal tumor-associated antigens for cancer immunotherapy. We studied the immunogeneicity of a recombinant replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding human full-length wt p53 (rAd/hup53) in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2K(b)-transgenic (Tg) mice and man. The generation of p53 epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in p53-proficient and p53-deficient A2K(b)-Tg mice was …

More about genetically modified tumour vaccines

1998

Dendritic Cell-Specific Biolistic Transfection Using the Fascin Gene Promoter

2012

The transcriptional targeting of gene expression to selected cells by cell type-specific promoters displays a fundamental tool in gene therapy. In immunotherapy, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal for the elicitation of antigen-specific immune responses following gene gun-mediated biolistic transfection. Here we report on transcriptional targeting of murine skin DCs using plasmids which include the promoter of the gene of the cytoskeletal protein fascin to control antigen production. Fascin, which is mandatory for the formation of dendrites, is synthesized among the hematopoietic cells exclusively by activated DCs. The activity of the promoter of the fascin gene reflects the endogenous produ…

Bortezomib Induces Anti–Multiple Myeloma Immune Response Mediated by cGAS/STING Pathway Activation

2021

Abstract The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and has transformed patient outcome. Using in vitro as well as in vivo immunodeficient and immunocompetent murine multiple myeloma models, we here show that bortezomib also triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD), characterized by exposure of calreticulin on dying multiple myeloma cells, phagocytosis of tumor cells by dendritic cells, and induction of multiple myeloma–specific immunity. We identify a bortezomib-triggered specific ICD gene signature associated with better outcome in two independent cohorts of patients with multiple myeloma. Importantly, bortezomib stimulates multiple myeloma cell immunogen…

Efficient Killing of Human Colon Cancer Stem Cells by γδ T Lymphocytes

2009

Abstract Colon cancer comprises a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC) that is responsible for tumor maintenance and resistant to cancer therapies, possibly allowing for tumor recapitulation once treatment stops. We previously demonstrated that such chemoresistance is mediated by autocrine production of IL-4 through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins. Several innate and adaptive immune effector cells allow for the recognition and destruction of cancer precursors before they constitute the tumor mass. However, cellular immune-based therapies have not been experimented yet in the population of CSCs. Here, we show that the bisphosphonate zoledronate sensitizes colon CSCs to Vγ9…