Search results for "Caps"

2015

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder, especially in adults. It causes a local disruption of chylus transport and is part of the exudative gastroenteropathies. Conservative therapy includes dietary measures or somatostatin medication. Taking the differential diagnosis of PIL into consideration is a major challenge, since patients suffering from PIL may present with diarrhoea and lymphedema or chylous ascites. This can be explained by the chronic lymphedema of the bowel leading to dilation of the vessels (intraluminal loss) and sometimes even to a rupture (peritoneal loss). Push–pull enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy are the proper interventional diagnostic tools to di…

Balloon Enteroscopy: Single- and Double-Balloon Enteroscopy

2009

Balloon enteroscopy is a method that allows endoscopic inspection of the entire small bowel, or large parts of it, while simultaneously making it possible to obtain histologic samples and carry out treatment measures. Studies of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) have confirmed the high diagnostic yield of the procedure, with an acceptably low complication rate (approximately 1% for diagnostic DBE and 3% to 4% for therapeutic DBE). The principal indication for the procedure is midgastrointestinal bleeding, that is, when the bleeding source is located in the small bowel. With good patient selection, the diagnostic yield here is 70% to 80%, and this has a substantial influence on subsequent tre…

Encapsulation Response ofCiona intestinalis(Ascidiacea) to Intratunical Erythrocyte Injection

1997

Abstract Electron microscopic studies on the encapsulation induced by erythrocyte injection into the tunic of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis were carried out. The observations reported in the present paper complete the description previously given of capsule architecture and contribute to the characterization of the cells involved in the inflammatory reaction. The inflamed area is surrounded by an ample and peculiar “three-layered coat” respectively composed of flattened and packed extratunical hemocytes, the monolayered epithelium, and a layer of intratunical electron-dense particles. The latter are also clustered, variously arranged, and distributed in the tunic ground substance. The epi…

La encapsulación nominal en el discurso académico-científico oral y escrito: patrones de aparición

2018

Este artículo analiza el funcionamiento de los encapsuladores nominales infieles en un corpus de discurso académico-científico en español formado por comunicaciones orales sobre lingüística presentadas en congresos y los artículos de investigación correspondientes publicados en revistas científicas o en actas de congreso (102 903 palabras). Se denomina encapsulador nominal infiel a aquel sustantivo que condensa el contenido de una o más predicaciones del discurso circundante y lo categoriza en tanto que entidad discursiva. Este mecanismo aparece habitualmente en patrones léxico-gramaticales como el patrón nominal especificativo (el hecho de que…), el patrón atributivo especificativo (el hec…

[N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N] Halogen-Bonded Dimeric Capsules from Tetrakis(3-pyridyl)ethylene Cavitands

2016

Two [N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N] halogen-bonded dimeric capsules using tetrakis(3-pyridyl)ethylene cavitands with different lower rim alkyl chains are synthesized and analyzed in solution and the gas phase. These first examples of symmetrical dimeric capsules making use of the iodonium ion (I+) as the main connecting module are characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and ion mobility-mass spectrometry (TW-IMS) experiments. The synthesis and effective halogen-bonded dimerization proceeds through analogous dimeric capsules with [N⋅⋅⋅Ag+⋅⋅⋅N] binding motifs as the intermediates as evidenced by the X-ray structures of …

High throughput electro-hydrodynamic processing in food encapsulation and food packaging applications: Viewpoint

2017

Abstract Looking genuinely at nature, nanofibers often serve as a basic platform where either organic or inorganic components are built upon. The fiber structure exhibits, from a structural point of view, the intrinsic ability to mechanically reinforce materials but also the less well-known property of enhancing the barrier performance of polymer matrices when applied smartly. To reproduce and tailor this extraordinary nature's design, a reliable technology that is able to fabricate fiber nanostructures from a variety of materials with size and size distribution control and composition flexibility is highly desirable. In addition, if this technology could allow nanofiber shortening to achie…

The Medicinal Chemistry of Zika Virus

2021

Arthropod-borne viruses, also known as arboviruses, are transmitted by bites of infected mosquito or tick vectors. In this context, the Flavivirus genus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes from the Aedes genus, being the Ae. africanus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. Albopictus species are responsible for transmitting the Zika virus (ZIKV). It is a lipid-enveloped virus constitute of an RNA genome, which is translated into a polyprotein encoding three structural proteins {(capsid (C), membrane (M), and envelope (E)} and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). Several biological targets have been identified for developing antiviral agents against ZIKV, which could pre…

Dual Enzyme-Responsive Capsules of Hyaluronic Acid-block-Poly(Lactic Acid) for Sensing Bacterial Enzymes.

2015

The synthesis of novel amphiphilic hyaluronic acid (HYA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) block copolymers is reported as the key element of a strategy to detect the presence of pathogenic bacterial enzymes. In addition to the formation of defined HYA-block-PLA assemblies, the encapsulation of fluorescent reporter dyes and the selective enzymatic degradation of the capsules by hyaluronidase and proteinase K are studied. The synthesis of the dual enzyme-responsive HYA-b-PLA is carried out by copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The resulting copolymers are assembled in water to form vesicular structures, which are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron…

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

2019

We report the synthesis of high-performance organic–inorganic hybrid fluorescent nanocapsules comprising a polymer shell armored with an inorganic layer and a liquid core containing a fluorophore. The polymeric capsules are synthesized by free radical miniemulsion polymerization and contain covalently bound carboxylate surface functionalities that allow for the binding of metal ions through electrostatic interaction. A cerium(IV) oxide nanoparticle layer, formed in situ at the surface of the hybrid nanocapsules, acts as oxygen scavenger and keeps external reactive molecular oxygen from entering into the capsules, eventually resulting in a reduction of the photooxidation of encapsulated fluo…

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Protects Hippocampal Rat Slices from NMDA Excitotoxicity

2019

Effects of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P2) towards N-methyl-d-aspartate NMDA excitotoxicity were evaluated in rat organotypic hippocampal brain slice cultures (OHSC) challenged for 3 h with 30 &mu