Search results for "Capteurs"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide and telluride fibers for sensor devices
2019
This thesis reports on the progress made during my PhD concerning supercontinuum generation and its application in two types of materials: chalcogenide and tellurite glasses. Concerning the chalcogenide axis, two new arsenic-free compositions are developed: Ge20Se60Te20 and Ge20Se70Te10. Thermal and optical properties of these two glasses are studied and two types of fibers are manufactured: a step-index fiber and a suspended core fiber. The generation of supercontinuum in these two fibres, pumped by an optical parametric amplifier, gives competitive results compared to the current state of the art of supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide fibres. Supercontinuums widening between 2 and 1…
Optimization of flat area coverage under connectivity constraint in wireless sensor networks
2022
A wireless sensor network consists of a set of small autonomous units that interact via a network built by their communication modules. They observe their environment, capture information, then manage this information according to their computing and/or storage capacity. To effectively accomplish their task(s), they need to cover as much of the area of interest as possible. It is therefore essential to quantify the quality of their coverage. In this thesis, we therefore seek to best cover an area of interest, with a precise number of sensors. While taking into account the possible overlaps between sensors, we first deploy in a zone of regular dimensions and evaluate the exact coverage using…
Modifications électrochimiques de surfaces et dispositifs électroniques organiques
2018
Organic electronics remains a fruitful research field thanks to the diversity of molecular structures reachable by organic synthesis. Molecular materials offer convenient shaping processes, such as solution processing techniques, which can be used for the fabrication of organic devices on plastic substrates.Our works can be summarized as the elaboration of conductometric devices thanks to electrochemistry and the study of their electrical and sensing properties. They deal with two topics: the development of new transducers based on substituted polyanilines and phthalocyanines and the study of the influence of electrochemical modifications on the behavior of known devices.We first developped…
Marrakair: une simulation participative pour observer les émissions atmosphériques du trafic routier en milieu urbain
2017
National audience; D’après l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), la pollution de l’air est le principal risque environnemental pour la santé dans le monde 1 (OMS, 2013). Àl’échelle locale, la pollution atmosphérique agit sur quelques kilomètres et se manifeste à proximité des sources de pollution comme la proximité aux sites industriels. En milieu urbain, le premier contributeur aux émissions de NOx, CO, ou PM10 dans l’atmosphère est le trafic routier (CITEPA, 2014). La pollution atmosphérique automobile (PAA) se caractérise en effet par l’émission de composés toxiques et cancérigènes directement émis par les moteurs. L’intensité des émissions est à relier au nombre de véhicules présen…
Adéquation Algorithme architecture : Aspects logiciels, matériels et cognitifs
2008
Les travaux présentés dans le cadre de cette Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches s'inscrivent principalement dans la problématique dite d'" Adéquation Algorithme Architecture ". Ils ont pour objectif commun la mise en œuvre de systèmes matériels et logiciels dédiés à la vision artificielle à fortes contraintes temporelles. Ils se focalisent sur différents aspects cruciaux tels que l'acquisition d'images par des capteurs dédiés, le développement et la programmation d'architectures optimisées de traitement des images et l'implantation d'algorithmes de traitement du signal et d'images en temps réel sur ces architectures.
Analyse locale des sensibilités des lectures angulaires, spectroscopiques et ellipsométriques de la Résonance des Plasmons de Surface en vue de la mi…
2006
The fluorescence labelling, used by the fluorescence biochips, is known to change the charge distribution of the labelled molecules and then modify their biological activity. Among label free biosensors, we choose an optical detection, such as spectroscopic ellipsometry and/or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the biolayers.These optical techniques are based on the measurement of both thickness and optical index of the adsorbed biolayer. An AFM statistical measurement of the thickness of functionalized lithographed microstructures has been performed in order to determine the thickness of the biolayers.We have shown that the spectroscopic reading of the SPR phase shift is 100 times more sen…
Modeling and energy optimization of the operative parts of an air assisted drill
2016
In the context of sustainable farming, the optimization of the energy costs of agricultural operations allows shorter working times and high quality of the agricultural operations. This question relates particularly to the seeding. This operation one is decisive for the quality of the future harvest. The modern high capacity seed drills must be compatible with all the constraints. The main goal of this PhD thesis is thus to develop an innovative methodology, integrating the modeling tools, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the heavy seeding equipment. Thus, we explored four key aspects concerning air seed drill design: maneuverability of poly-articulated seed drills; establishmen…
Les matériaux pour capteurs chimiques
2002
National audience; A chemical sensor is composed of one part supplying chemical reco gnition coupled to one transducingsystem. At the recognition origin, interaction with the target chemical species is oftwo types, either electronicexchange, or ionic exchange. Two large classes of materials that can supply recognition proceed: metals andsemiconductors giving rise to electronic exchange and ionic conducting materials giving rise to ionic exchan-ge. This paper is structured in tw o large parts, emphasizing on materi als inducing specific interactions:semiconductor materials (metallic oxides and molecular semiconductors) and ionic conductor materials.In each part will be presented nature of ma…
De l’ingénierie de protéines de liaison aux odorants à la détection électrochimique de molécules volatiles vers la conception de biocapteurs et nez é…
2014
The detection of odorant molecules has become an important challenge in different research area, such as the food industry, medical diagnostics and homeland security. Indeed, the thousands of odorants in our environment provide information on their chemical nature or their concentration. Human olfactory system is capable of discriminating thousands of different molecules thanks to biochemical mechanisms involving multiple protein receptor partners and a combinatorial coding. These biomolecules that include olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBP) represent an interesting source of detectors for the design of biosensors. OBPs are small soluble proteins present in nasal mucus at…