Search results for "Carbohydrate Metabolism"
showing 10 items of 188 documents
Glucagon-like peptide-2 treatment improves glucose dysmetabolism in mice fed a high fat diet
2016
Previous studies suggested that endogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is dispensable for the regulation of glucose homeostasis under normal conditions, while it can play a beneficial role in obesity conditions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether chronic treatment with Gly2-GLP-2, a stable analogue of GLP-2, can have an impact on glycaemic and lipid control in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), an animal model of human obesity and insulin resistance. HFD mice were treated once a day with Gly2-GLP-2 for 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, insulin-induced glucose clearance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, β-cel…
Chronic social stress-induced hyperglycemia in mice couples individual stress susceptibility to impaired spatial memory
2018
Significance Stress-associated mental disorders and diabetes pose an enormous socio-economic burden. Glucose dysregulation occurs with both psychosocial and metabolic stress. While cognitive impairments are common in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and are accompanied by hyperglycemia, a causal role for glucose has not been established. We show that chronic social defeat (CSD) stress induces lasting peripheral and central hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism in a subgroup of mice. Animals exhibiting hyperglycemia early post-CSD display spatial memory impairments that can be rescued by the antidiabetic empagliflozin. We demonstrate that individual stress vulnerability to glucos…
Importance of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 in hypothalamic glucose sensitivity in rats.
2012
International audience; AIMS: Hypothalamic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS)-mediated signaling has been recently shown to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the upstream signals that control this mechanism have not yet been determined. Here, we hypothesize that glucose-induced mitochondrial fission plays a significant role in mROS-dependent hypothalamic glucose sensing. RESULTS: Glucose-triggered translocation of the fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) to mitochondria was first investigated in vivo in hypothalamus. Thus, we show that intracarotid glucose injection induces the recruitment of DRP1 to VMH mitochondria in vivo. Then, expressio…
Functional Metagenomics of the Bronchial Microbiome in COPD
2015
Altres ajuts: Sociedad Catalana de Neumología; Fundació Catalana de Neumología; Fundació Parc Tauli; Marató de TV3; Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica; Fundación Menarini; Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) [Prometeo/2009/092] i Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently aggravated by exacerbations, and changes in the composition and activity of the microbiome may be implicated in their appearance. The aim of this study was to analyse the composition and the gene content of the microbial community in bronchial secretions of COPD patients in both stability and exacerbati…
Effect of aerobic exercise and low carbohydrate diet on pre-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women and middle aged men - …
2014
Background Pre-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with an unhealthy lifestyle and pose extremely high costs to the healthcare system. In this study, we aim to explore whether individualized aerobic exercise (AEx) and low carbohydrate diet (LCh) intervention affect hepatic fat content (HFC) in pre-diabetes via modification of gut microbiota composition and other post-interventional effects. Methods/design A 6-month randomized intervention with 6-month follow-up is conducted from January 2013 to December 2015. The target sample size for intervention is 200 postmenopausal women and middle-aged men aged 50–65 year-old with pre-diabetes and NAFLD. The qualified…
Hypothalamic Astroglial Connexins are Required for Brain Glucose Sensing-Induced Insulin Secretion
2014
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism website; Hypothalamic glucose detection participates in maintaining glycemic balance, food intake, and thermogenesis. Although hypothalamic neurons are the executive cells involved in these responses, there is increasing evidence that astrocytes participate in glucose sensing (GS); however, it is unknown whether astroglial networking is required for glucose sensitivity. Astroglial connexins 30 and 43 (Cx30 and Cx43) form hexameric channels, which are apposed in gap junctions, allowing for the intercellular transfer of small molecules such as glucose throughout the astroglial networks. Here, we…
Glucose/galactose malabsorption caused by a defect in the Na+/glucose cotransporter.
1991
Glucose/galactose malabsorption (GGM) is an autosomal recessive disease manifesting within the first weeks of life and characterized by a selective failure to absorb dietary glucose and galactose from the intestine. The consequent severe diarrhoea and dehydration are usually fatal unless these sugars are eliminated from the diet. Intestinal biopsies of GGM patients have revealed a specific defect in Na(+)-dependent absorption of glucose in the brush border. Normal glucose absorption is mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporter in the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium. Cellular influx is driven by the transmembrane Na+ electrochemical potential gradient; thereafter the sugar…
Alteration of hypothalamic glucose and lactate sensing in 48h hyperglycemic rats.
2013
International audience; Hypothalamic detection of nutrients is involved in the control of energy metabolism and is altered in metabolic disorders. Although hypothalamic detection of blood lactate lowers hepatic glucose production and food intake, it is unknown whether it also modulates insulin secretion. To address this, a lactate injection via the right carotid artery (cephalad) was performed in Wistar rats. This triggered a transient increase in insulin secretion. Rats made hyperglycemic for 48h exhibited prolonged insulin secretion in response to a glucose injection via the carotid artery, but lactate injection induced two types of responses: half of the HG rats showed no difference comp…
Co-localisation of hypoxia and perfusion markers with parameters of glucose metabolism in human squamous cell carcinoma (hSCC) xenografts
2009
Purpose: To examine relationships between tumour hypoxia, perfusion and metabolic microenvironment at themicroregional level in three different human squamous cell carcinomas (hSCC). Materials and methods: Nude mice bearing FaDu, UT-SCC-15, and UT-SCC-5 hSCC were injected with pimonidazole hypoxia and Hoechst perfusion markers. Bioluminescence imaging was used to determine spatial distribution of glucose and lactate content in serial tumour sections. Metabolite levels were grouped in 10 concentration ranges. Images were co-registered and at each concentration range the proportion of area stained for pimonidazole and Hoechst was determinedin 1113 tumours per tumour line. Results: The spatia…
Influence of metformin on GLUT1 gene and protein expression in rat streptozotocindiabetes mellitusmodel
2010
Metformin improves hyperglycaemia via mechanisms which include activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent findings indicate that some metabolic actions of metformin occur also by AMPK-independent mechanisms.To study the action of metformin on expression of GLUT1 glucose transporter in rat streptozotocin model of diabetes mellitus.Streptozotocin-induced rats were treated with metformin while monitoring parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression in kidneys, heart, liver and muscles were studied by means of real time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry correspondingly.Metformin treatment decreased glucose concentration, glycated h…