Search results for "Cardiovascular risk"
showing 10 items of 315 documents
Obesity, Adipokines and Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
2012
The complex mechanisms linking fat excess to metabolic syndrome are not well understood, but several experimental studies have shown that altered production of adipokines plays a main role in development and progression of this disorder. In particular, reduced secretion of adiponectin has a crucial role in inducing insulin resistance but also in determining the clustering of elevated triglycerides and small, dense LDL particles. Increased leptin secretion may be responsible for sympathetic nervous system overactivity and hypertension, while reduced omentin may have an important permissive role in the development of atherogenic processes. Finally, cytokines and other adipokines (resistin, vi…
Gestational diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: Can obesity and small, dense low density lipoproteins be key mediators of this association?
2013
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a condition of glucose intolerance with first appearance or recognition at the time of a pregnancy, associated with an inadequate pancreatic response to the advanced insulin resistance of the later stages of pregnancy, and accompanied by enhancing β-cell mass and secretion of insulin. Women who had GDM exhibit a higher risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Additionally, previous GDM has been proposed as independently correlated with higher risk for development of atherosclerosis in a healthy population, similar to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and independently of the presence of established…
The importance of diagnosing the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
2000
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an extremely common disorder that occurs in 4% to 7% of women of reproductive age. Although PCOS is known to be associated with reproductive morbidity and increased risk for endometrial cancer, diagnosis is especially important because PCOS is now thought to increase metabolic and cardiovascular risks. These risks are strongly linked to insulin resistance and are compounded by the common occurrence of obesity, although insulin resistance and its associated risks are also present in nonobese women with PCOS. Women with PCOS are at increased risk for impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Cardiovascular disease is believ…
The role of fibrate treatment in dyslipidemia: an overview.
2012
Dyslipidemia, and especially atherogenic dyslipidemia, a combination of small low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased triglyceride (TG) concentrations, represents a major cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism; PPAR ligands are used to treat dyslipidemias. Fibrates have a major impact on TG metabolism as well as on modulating LDL size and subclasses. Fibrates target atherogenic dyslipidemia by increasing plasma HDL-C concentrations and decreasing small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles and TGs, thus contributin…
Ibandronic acid subsequent to raloxifene: Effect on bone metabolism and on cardiovascular risk factors
2015
s / Maturitas 81 (2015) 144–190 161 Materials andmethods: This randomized double-blind clinical trialwas carried out inAhvaz (Iran) fromAugust toDecember 2010. Forty postmenopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy were randomly allocated to two groups to take vaginal suppositories of either 5mg hyaluronic acid sodium salt (n=20) or 1mg vitamin E (n=20) for 8 weeks. The symptoms of vaginal atrophy were evaluated by a self-assessed 4-point scale and the composite score was determined as none, mild, moderate, and severe in four periods. Results: The results showed that the symptoms were relieved significantly in both groups (P<0.001). The relief of symptomswas significantly superior in t…
An update on the relationships between rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis
2010
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Cardiovascular events are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, chronic systemic inflammation has been shown to be a crucial factor in atherosclerosis development and progression from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Many studies have shown that atherosclerosis is not a passive event like accumulation of lipids in the vessel walls; by contrast, it represents an active inflammation of the vessels. Inflammatory cells such as macrophages, monocytes and T cells play important roles in the development of both rhe…
The association of cannabis use with fast-food consumption, overweight, and obesity among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 28 countries
2022
Background: Cannabis legalization and use have risen globally. However, the association between cannabis use, eating behaviors and body weight among adolescents is yet unexplored. Objectives: This study examined the association between cannabis use, fast-food consumption, overweight and obesity in 28 countries using data from the 2010–2016 Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were performed among a sample of 83,726 adolescents (48.7% females) aged 12–15 years, mean (SD) age of 13.8 (0.9) years. Results: The overall prevalence of cannabis use (in past 30 days) and fast-food consumption (in past 7 days) were 2.8% and 57.3% res…
Endothelial abnormalities in young women with PCOS: correlations with insulin resistance and decreased levels of serum adiponectin
2006
Abstract PURPOSE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an extremely prevalent disorder in which elevated blood markers of cardiovascular risk and altered endothelial function have been found. This study was designed to determine if abnormal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in young women with PCOS may be explained by insulin resistance and elevated adipocytokines. METHODS: A prospective study in 50 young women with PCOS (age: 25.2 +/- 1 years; body mass index [BMI]: 28.7 +/- 0.8) and 50 matched ovulatory controls (age: 25.1 +/- 0.7 years; BMI: 28.5 +/- 0.5) was performed. Carotid IMT, brachial FMD, and blood for fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, …
INFLUENZA DELL’ATEROSCLEROSI CAROTIDEA PRECLINICA SUGLI EVENTI CEREBRO- E CARDIOVASCOLARI IN 5 ANNI DI FOLLOW-UP. INFLUENCE OF PRECLINICAL CAROTID AT…
2009
Introduzione: numerosi studi hanno utilizzato la valutazione dello spessore intima-media carotideo (IMT) come marker di aterosclerosi (ATS) preclinica ed è stato ampiamente dimostrato che l’IMT correla con la presenza di ATS coronarica ed è predittivo di eventi sia cardio- che cerebrovascolari. Scopo dello studio: valutare se in soggetti asintomatici la presenza di ATS carotidea preclinica, ispessimento medio intimale carotideo (IMT) e placca carotidea asintomatica (PCA), aggiunga ulteriori informazioni nella stratificazione del rischio permettendo di individuare soggetti che potrebbero beneficiare di un trattamento più aggressivo, anche farmacologico, dei fattori di rischio presenti. Mater…
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants
2017
Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of rai…