Search results for "Castration"
showing 10 items of 50 documents
Effects of two acanthocephalan parasites on the fecundity and pairing status of female Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
2002
Acanthocephalan parasites are known to alter the reproductive biology and physiology of their hosts in various ways. In this study we investigated the influence of two acanthocephalan parasites, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Polymorphus minutus, on the fecundity and pairing success of female Gammarus pulex. The results show that P. laevis and P. minutus affect female intermediate host reproduction in different ways. Females infected with P. minutus were totally castrated, whereas those infected with P. laevis only showed reduced fecundity. The oocytes of P. laevis-infected females showed a similar structure to those of uninfected females, although infected females had a higher proportion of ooc…
The maternal hormone in the male brain: Sexually dimorphic distribution of prolactin signalling in the mouse brain.
2018
Research of the central actions of prolactin is highly focused on females, but this hormone has also documented roles in male physiology and behaviour. Here, we provide the first description of the pattern of prolactin-derived signalling in the male mouse brain, employing the immunostaining of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) after exogenous prolactin administration. Next, we explore possible sexually dimorphic differences by comparing pSTAT5 immunoreactivity in prolactin-supplemented males and females. We also assess the role of testosterone in the regulation of central prolactin signalling in males by comparing intact with castrated prolactin-supp…
The Clinical Efficacy of Radium-223 for Bone Metastasis in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Italian Clinical Experience.
2017
<b><i>Background/Aim:</i></b> Prostate cancer frequently causes bone metastases and skeletal events that impair quality of life (QoL) and survival. The alpha emitter radium-223 is a new drug that improves treatment in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastases. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of radium-223. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective study we enrolled 48 subjects. Pain reduction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), time to first symptomatic skeletal event, and QoL were the variables we evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Radium-223 was well tolerated, with a m…
Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Multikinase Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.
2017
<b><i>Background/Aim:</i></b> A clinical trial demonstrated that treatment with oral multikinase regorafenib improved overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control [García-Alfonso et al.: J Clin Transl Oncol 2016;18:1072-1081; Bertocchi et al.: J Chemother 2017;29:102-105]. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its effectiveness in Italian patients with hormone-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing after chemotherapy with docetaxel plus prednisone. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> 60 patients were enrolled. OS has been assessed as the primary endpoint while PFS, quality o…
Treatment with abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients progressing after docetaxel: a retrospective study.
2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate abiraterone's efficacy in Italian patients affected with metastatic prostate cancer progressing after treatment with docetaxel. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 patients. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction in serum was the primary endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of abiraterone in combination with prednisone treatment, whereas reduced pain, safety, progression-free survival, response rate, and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. A significant correlation was noticed between PSA response and OS. Further, the Index Bravais-Pearson (r) correlation allowed us to observe a significant negative interdependence between PSA res…
Development of polypeptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer
2019
El cáncer de próstata (CaP) es el segundo cáncer más frecuente en los hombres. Los estudios han establecido el gen de fusión (T2E) compuesto por TMPRSS2 (serina proteasa dependiente de andrógenos) y ERG (factor de transcripción de la familia ETS) como un biomarcador potencial de CaP. La progresión en el CaP incluye tanto el receptor de andrógenos (AR) como el receptor del factor de crecimiento de insulina 1 (IGF-1R), y el tratamiento con un anticuerpo anti-IGF-1R (AVE1642) ha demostrado un gran potencial en el tratamiento de los pacientes con CaP T2E-positivos. Por ello, el desarrollo de terapias personalizadas basadas en polímeros terapéuticos puede favorecer el tratamiento de CaP para un …
Objective evaluation of the morphology of human epididymal sperm heads.
2000
Spermatozoa were obtained from nine epididymal regions of six epididymides taken from five men undergoing castration for prostatic carcinoma (53-76 years) and from one man with testicular cancer (38 years). Spermatozoa were obtained by mincing tissue in phosphate-buffered saline, making air dried smears and staining with Hemacolor. The percentage of sperm heads categorised subjectively as normal (of uniform shape) or otherwise was calculated for each region. This confirmed that grossly swollen sperm heads (previously shown to be artefacts) were only present in proximal regions of the duct. A computer-aided sperm morphology analyser (Sperm Class Analyzer(R)) was used to provide objective mea…
Equivalence of the 3-month and 28-day formulations of triptorelin with regard to achievement and maintenance of medical castration in women with endo…
2003
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at demonstrating the equivalence of the 28-day and 3-month formulations of triptorelin SR (sustained release) in terms of percentage of patients achieving castration levels of estradiol (<==50 pg/mL) 84 days after treatment initiation. DESIGN: A phase II, prospective, randomized, multicenter, open study was conducted in two parallel groups of women with endometriosis. SETTING: Academic hospitals. PATIENT(S): Seventy-two women with endometriosis. were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 3-month triptorelin SR, and 74 patients were treated with one intramuscular injection of 28-day triptorelin SR every 28 days for 3 months. INTERVENTION(S): As pa…
Stereotactic body radiotherapy in oligoprogressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer during abiraterone or enzalutamide
2022
Introduction: This monocentric, single-arm, retrospective study investigated the role of stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer who experienced oligoprogression during androgen receptor targeted agents. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with androgen receptor targeted agents between December 2016 and January 2022. All patients experienced an oligoprogression (defined as the appearance and/or the progression of ⩽5 bone or nodal or soft tissue metastases) during treatment with androgen receptor targeted agents and received stereotactic body radiotherapy upon oligoprogre…
Castration and Erection
1988
Castrated dogs (n = 3) need a much higher threshold level of energy to induce erection by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve than noncastrated animals (n = 24). In addition the resulting quality of erection, measured as maximal intracavernous pressure (pCC) versus peak systolic blood pressure (BP), was weaker in castrated dogs (pCC = 57% of BP on average) than in noncastrated dogs (pCC = 80% of BP on average). A high venous outflow from the corpora cavernosa in castrated dogs can also explain the shorter duration of erection. This experimental model excludes the interference of subjective factors, such as erotic stimuli and libido on erection, and it seems that androgen deficienc…