Search results for "Cave"
showing 10 items of 606 documents
Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces bleomycin-induced lung damage and mucin Muc5ac expression in rats
2003
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, therefore antioxidants may be of therapeutic value. Clinical work indicates that N ‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may be beneficial in this disease. The activity of this antioxidant was examined on bleomycin-induced lung damage, mucus secretory cells hyperplasia and mucin Muc5ac gene expression in rats. NAC (3 mmol·kg−1·day−1) or saline was given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 1 week prior to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U·kg−1) and for 14 days postinstillation. NAC decreased collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content was 4,257±323 and 3,200±192 µg·lung−1 in vehicle- and NAC…
Attenuation by oralN-acetylcysteine of bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats
2001
Antioxidant therapy may be useful in diseases with impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance such as pulmonary fibrosis. This study examines the effect ofN-acetylcysteine (NAC) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats.NAC (3 mmol·kg−1; oral) was given daily from 1 week prior to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U·kg−1) or saline, until 14 days postinstillation.NAC partially decreased the augmented collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content was 4,354±386 and 3,416±326 µg·lung−1in vehicle-treated and NAC-treated rats, respectively; p<0.05). The histological assessment using a semiquantitative score showed less collagen deposition and inflammatory…
The effects of nitric oxide on striatal serotoninergic transmission involve multiple targets: an in vivo microdialysis study in the awake rat
2004
Abstract The role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)-induced modulation of serotonin (5-HT) release in the striatum of freely moving rats has been studied using microdialysis technique. NMDA-induced increase in 5-HT release was significantly inhibited by selective nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor S -methylthiocitrulline (S-Me-TC), ONOO − scavenger l -cysteine ( l -cys), and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor 1 H [1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3- a ]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). These data suggest that modulation of 5-HT levels is linked to the formation of NO produced by NMDA receptor activation and that endogenously produced NO increases 5-HT concentrations both by stimul…
Pneumocyte Apoptosis Induction during Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Effective Prevention by Radical Scavenging UsingN-Acetylcysteine
2007
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest are associated with pulmonary dysfunction. We sought to investigate whether pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion during standard CPB and cardioplegic arrest is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pulmonary tissue injury and pneumocyte apoptosis induction, and whether ROS scavenging using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates these alterations. Twelve pigs (41 +/- 8 kg) were randomized to receive either NAC (100 mg/kg prior to CPB; n = 7) or placebo (n = 5) and subjected to CPB and 60 min of cold (4 degrees C) crystalloid cardioplegic arrest. We collected lung biopsies prior to CPB, at 60 min CPB, as well as at 30, 60, and 120 min…
Effectiveness of oral N -acetylcysteine in a rat experimental model of asthma
2002
Oxidative stress appears to be relevant to asthma pathogenesis. Therefore, the effectiveness of the antioxidant N -acetylcysteine was examined on antigen-induced pulmonary responses in sensitized Brown-Norway rats. N -acetylcysteine (oral, 1 mmol kg(-1)per day for 7 days before challenge) did not reduce the immediate bronchospasm that followed aerosol antigen exposure but prevented airway hyperreactivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine at 24 h after antigen challenge, and reduced the eosinophils (from 0.178 +/- 0.038 in the absence to 0.064 +/- 0.020 x10(6)cells ml(-1)in the presence of N -acetylcysteine;P< 0.05), and Evans blue dye extravasation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Taurine levels in br…
Long-term habituation to spatial novelty in blind cave fish (Astyanax hubbsi): role of the telencephalon and its subregions.
2000
Blind cave fish, when released into a novel environment, show a typical exploratory behavior characterized by high swim speed along walls shortly after release. This behavior wanes during prolonged exposure and thus may reflect habituation to novelty. As the hippocampus of mammals, which plays a crucial role in spatial learning, is part of the telencephalon, the possible involvement of this brain structure of fish was investigated in exploratory behavior. Ablation of the whole telencephalon or bilateral removal of dorsal parts of the hemispheres reduced activity; in contrast, unilateral lesions of one hemisphere, bilateral lesions of dorsal and dorsoventral parts, and removal of olfactory b…
Sex-dependent changes in the pulmonary vasoconstriction potential of newborn rats following short-term oxygen exposure
2012
Chronic exposure to supplemental oxygen (O(2)) induces lung damage and mortality in a sex-dependent manner. The effect of short-term hyperoxia on the newborn pulmonary vasculature is unknown but is, however, of clinical significance in the neonatal resuscitation context. We hypothesize that short-term hyperoxia has a sex-dependent effect on the pulmonary vasculature.Following 1-h 100% O(2) exposure, the pulmonary arteries and lung tissues of newborn rats were evaluated.Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression in female pups' lungs was increased as compared with that in the lungs of male pups. As compared with air-treated pups, the response of male pups to thromboxane was increased by O(2), …
Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts
2002
The antioxidant properties of twenty medical herbs used in the traditional Mediterranean and Chinese medicine were studied. Extracts from Forsythia suspensa, Helichrysum italicum, Scrophularia auriculata, Inula viscosa, Coptis chinensis, Poria cocos and Scutellaria baicalensis had previously shown anti-inflammatory activity in different experimental models. Using free radical-generating systems H. italicum. I. viscosa and F. suspensa protected against enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in model membranes and also showed scavenging property on the superoxide radical. All extracts were assayed at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. Most of the extracts were weak scavengers of the hy…
No room for males in caves: Female-biased sex ratio in subterranean amphipods of the genus Niphargus.
2021
Sex allocation theory predicts that the proportion of daughters to sons will evolve in response to ecological conditions that determine the costs and benefits of producing each sex. All else being equal, the adult sex ratio (ASR) should also vary with ecological conditions. Many studies of subterranean species reported female-biased ASR, but no systematic study has yet been conducted. We test the hypothesis that the ASR becomes more female-biased with increased isolation from the surface. We compiled a data set of ASRs of 35 species in the subterranean amphipod Niphargus, each living in one of three distinct habitats (surface-subterranean boundary, cave streams, phreatic lakes) representing…
A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from termite nests in French Guiana
2015
The genus Charinus is represented by 51 species, distributed in all tropical regions. Their small size allows them to use a wide range of micro-habitats, from caves, litter to insect nests. The new species C. sillami sp. nov. was found into termite nests of three different species: Neocapritermes taracua, Spinitermes sp. and Embiratermes neotenicus. Only Paracharon caecus (Paleoamblypygi: Paracharontidae) was previously known to be associated with Isoptera. Eleven species of Charinus were previously known from Northern South America. Charinus sillami sp. nov. is the second species of the genus occurring in French Guiana. An updated key of Northern South-American species is provided.