Search results for "Cell Differentiation"
showing 10 items of 907 documents
Differential expression of specific microRNA and their targets in acute myeloid leukemia
2010
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the most common acute leukemia in adults is characterized by various cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. However, the genetic etiology of the disease is not yet fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs which regulate the expression of target mRNAs both at transcriptional and translational level. In recent years, miRNAs have been identified as a novel mechanism in gene regulation, which show variable expression during myeloid differentiation. We studied miRNA expression of leukemic blasts of 29 cases of newly diagnosed and genetically defined AML using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 365 human miR…
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Improve Left Ventricular Function, Induce Angiogenesis, and Reduce Infarct Size in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction
2008
Abstract Human dental pulp contains precursor cells termed dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) that show self-renewal and multilineage differentiation and also secrete multiple proangiogenic and antiapoptotic factors. To examine whether these cells could have therapeutic potential in the repair of myocardial infarction (MI), DPSC were infected with a retrovirus encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expanded ex vivo. Seven days after induction of myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation, 1.5 × 106 GFP-DPSC were injected intramyocardially in nude rats. At 4 weeks, cell-treated animals showed an improvement in cardiac function, observed by percentage changes in anterior wall thic…
Airway epithelial dysfunction and mesenchymal transition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Role of Oct-4
2021
Abstract The airway epithelium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes slow but constant renewal. Dysregulation of airway epithelial function related to cigarette smoke exposure plays an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD. Oct4 is a transcription factor responsible for maintaining cellular self-renewal and regeneration, and CD146 and CD105/Endoglin are adhesion molecules involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and tissue remodeling. Bronchial biopsy specimens (BBs) were obtained from 7 healthy controls (HC) and 10 COPD and subjected to paraffin embedding; BBs from HC were also used for epithelial cell expansion and pHBEC/ALI (air-liquid inter…
A poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma (SYT/SSX1) expresses neuroectodermal markers: a xenografts and in vitro culture study.
2004
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a neoplasm that poses diagnostic problems, due to its histologic heterogeneity. The poorly differentiated variant, in particular, may be histologically indistinguishable from other small round cell tumors. Detection of the synovial sarcoma-associated t(X;18) or SYT-SSX fusion transcripts may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of SS in difficult cases. Most of SS carry a t(X;18) in about one third of cases as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. We evaluated a case of poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma and their derived tumors in nude mice xenografts and cell cultures. We used a panel of antibodies (including those to intermediate filament, nerve-sheath associate…
The effect of surgical suture material on osteoclast generation and implant-loosening
2020
Background: Implant loosening - either infectious or aseptic- is a still a major complication in the field of orthopaedic surgery. In both cases, a pro-inflammatory peri-prosthetic environment is generated by the immune system - either triggered by bacteria or by implant wear particles - which leads to osteoclast differentiation and osteolysis. Since infectious cases in particular often require multiple revision surgeries, we wondered whether commonly used surgical suture material may also activate the immune system and thus contribute to loss of bone substance by generation of osteoclasts. Methods: Tissue samples from patients suffering from infectious implant loosening were collected intr…
The Disease-Specific Phenotype in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Two Long QT Syndrome Type 3 Patients
2013
Long QT syndromes (LQTS) are heritable diseases characterized by prolongation of the QT interval on an electrocardiogram, which often leads to syncope and sudden cardiac death. Here we report the generation of induced pluripotent stems (iPS) cells from two patients with LQTS type 3 carrying a different point mutation in a sodium channel Nav1.5 (p.V240M and p.R535Q) and functional characterization of cardiomyocytes (CM) derived from them. The iPS cells exhibited all characteristic properties of pluripotent stem cells, maintained the disease-specific mutation and readily differentiated to CM. The duration of action potentials at 50% and 90% repolarization was longer in LQTS-3 CM as compared t…
Cytokeratin Analysis of Pilomatrixoma: Changes in Cytokeratin-Type Expression During Differentiation
1988
The various structural components of pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) were studied for the expression of hair-specific (trichocytic) cytokeratins as well as epithelial cytokeratins, using immunoperoxidase as well as epithelial cytokeratins, using immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy of frozen sections as well as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Trichocyte-type cytokeratins were detected in only a minor subpopulation of basophilic cells but more prominently in most “transitional” cells as well as in “shadow” cells. in contrast, antibodies against certain epithelial cytokeratins (including antibody KA1 against cytokeratins of stratified s…
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production by T cell receptor-primed T lymphocytes is a target for low dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis
1999
SUMMARYMethotrexate (MTX) is an effective immunosuppressive agent in various chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its mechanisms of action are only partially understood. In this study, we assessed the effects of MTX on the differentiation of peripheral blood (PB) CD4+CD45RA ‘naive’ and CD4+CD45RO ‘memory’ T cells from healthy controls and patients with RA. Accordingly, purified T cells were primed and restimulated in vitro via the T cell receptor (TCR) in the presence of IL-2 to generate effector T cells secreting large amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. We observed that low doses of MTX strongly suppress TNF and to a lesser extent interferon-gamma (IFN-γ…
Differentiation, phenotype, and function of interleukin-17-producing human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
2011
Abstract In healthy adults, the major peripheral blood γδ T-cell subset expresses the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and displays pleiotropic features. Here we report that coculture of naive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with phosphoantigens and a cocktail of cytokines (IL-1-β, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23), leads to selective expression of the transcription factor RORγt and polarization toward IL-17 production. IL-17+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6 and produce IL-17 but neither IL-22 nor IFN-γ; they have a predominant terminally differentiated (CD27−CD45RA+) phenotype and express granzyme B, TRAIL, FasL, and CD161. On antigen activation, IL-17+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly induce CXCL8-mediated migration and phagocy…
Mineral metabolism and haemoglobin concentration among haemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)
2005
Bone and mineral metabolism is abnormal in most chronic haemodialysis patients and is associated with a high mortality risk. Because of possible pathogenic links between anaemia and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), the present study evaluated associations of mineral metabolism indicators with haemoglobin (Hb).Data were collected from 317 facilities (12 089 haemodialysis patients) in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States by the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). The major outcome studied was probability of haemodialysis patients having a target Hb, per guidelines, of/=11 g/dl at ba…