Search results for "Cell Differentiation"
showing 10 items of 907 documents
Interaction of syntenin-1 and the NG2 proteoglycan in migratory oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
2008
Migration of oligodendrocyte precursors along axons is a necessary prerequisite for myelination, but little is known about underlying mechanisms. NG2 is a large membrane proteoglycan implicated in oligodendrocyte migration. Here we show that a PDZ domain protein termed syntenin-1 interacts with NG2 and that syntenin-1 is necessary for normal rates of migration. The association of syntenin-1 with NG2, identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen, was confirmed by colocalization of both proteins within processes of oligodendroglial precursor cells and by coimmunoprecipitation from cell extracts. Syntenin-1 also colocalizes with NG2 in "co-capping" assays, demonstrating a lateral association of bot…
Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des lymphocytes T CD4 dans un contexte de cancer : application en immunothérapie anticancéreuse
2015
Immune surveillance of tumors is based on the ability of effector cells of the immune system to detect and eliminate the cancer cells. Notwithstanding, the complete and spontaneous regression of established cancers was observed only in very few cases. The failure of cancer resolution by the immune system could result from the combination of several factors: i) inadequate immune response related to a low tumor immunogenicity, ii) incompetent immune system consecutively to induced or acquired immunodeficiencies and iii) the selection of resistant tumor variants able to thwart immune surveillance or subverting immune responses. Developing novel cancer immunotherapy strategies leading to potent…
Drug-induced expansion and differentiation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in vivo: The role of exogenous IL-2
2005
Human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells recognize nonpeptidic Ags generated by the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (many eubacteria, algae, plants, and Apicomplexa) and mevalonate (eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and certain eubacteria) pathways of isoprenoid synthesis. The potent Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell reactivity 1) against certain cancer cells or 2) induced by infectious agents indicates that therapeutic augmentations of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell activities may be clinically beneficial. The functional characteristics of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells from Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey) are very similar to those from Homo sapiens. We have found that the i.v. administration of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonat…
Expression and function of micro-RNAs in immune cells during normal or disease state.
2008
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are 19-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. They are found in almost all species: viruses, plants, nematodes, fly, fish, mouse, human, and are implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. Microarray-based miRNA profiling brought to the discovery of miRNAs specific to different hematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, the functional assays performed in tissue cultures to discover miRNAs involved in immune responses in combination with the reports of miRNA-transgenic or miRNA -knockout mouse models has helped elucidating the miRNA roles in the development and function of immune system. Abnormal patterns …
Perlecan Maintains microvessel integrity in vivo and modulates their formation in vitro
2012
Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan…
Prestress in the extracellular matrix sensitizes latent TGF-β1 for activation
2014
A mild strain induced by matrix remodeling mechanically primes latent TGF-β1 for its subsequent activation and release in response to contractile forces.
α5β1 integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin is required for axis elongation and somitogenesis in mice.
2011
The arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif in fibronectin (FN) represents the major binding site for α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Mice lacking a functional RGD motif in FN (FN(RGE/RGE)) or α5 integrin develop identical phenotypes characterized by embryonic lethality and a severely shortened posterior trunk with kinked neural tubes. Here we show that the FN(RGE/RGE) embryos arrest both segmentation and axis elongation. The arrest is evident at about E9.0, corresponding to a stage when gastrulation ceases and the tail bud-derived presomitic mesoderm (PSM) induces α5 integrin expression and assumes axis elongation. At this stage cells of the posterior part of the PSM in wild type embryos are tight…
β1D Integrin Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Normal Myoblasts and Fibroblasts
1998
Integrins are alphabeta heterodimeric transmembrane receptors involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The beta1 integrin subunit is widely expressed in vivo and is represented by four alternatively spliced cytoplasmic domain isoforms. beta1D is a muscle-specific variant of beta1 integrin and a predominant beta1 isoform in striated muscles. In the present study we showed that expression of the exogenous beta1D integrin in C2C12 myoblasts and NIH 3T3 or REF 52 fibroblasts inhibited cell proliferation. Unlike the case of the common beta1A isoform, adhesion of beta1D-transfected C2C12 myoblasts specifically via the expressed integrin did not activate mitogen-activated pro…
Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity of CD127(+) Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria.
2015
Human group 1 ILCs consist of at least three phenotypically distinct subsets, including NK cells, CD127(+) ILC1, and intraepithelial CD103(+) ILC1. In inflamed intestinal tissues from Crohn's disease patients, numbers of CD127(+) ILC1 increased at the cost of ILC3. Here we found that differentiation of ILC3 to CD127(+) ILC1 is reversible in vitro and in vivo. CD127(+) ILC1 differentiated to ILC3 in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-23, and IL-1β dependent on the transcription factor RORγt, and this process was enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid. Furthermore, we observed in resection specimen from Crohn's disease patients a higher proportion of CD14(+) dendritic cells (DC), whi…
Argentum-quarz solution in the treatment of anorectal fistulas: Is it possible a conservative approach?
2012
Patients suffering from chronic intestinal diseases (Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Indeterminate Colitis) are prone to the development of pyogenic complications. These complications are most commonly in the form of perianal or intraabdominal abscesses and/or fistulas. The treatment of these complications are managed differently but, after an initial treatment based on medical or minimally invasive management, the solution of the pathological condition is always achieved by a surgical procedure. In the last few years prospective studies have proposed an alternative conservative therapeutic approach based on application of fibrin glue in the healing of patients with fistulas-in-ano. In…