Search results for "Cell Movement"
showing 10 items of 396 documents
Netrins guide migration of distinct glial cells in the Drosophila embryo
2010
Development of the nervous system and establishment of complex neuronal networks require the concerted activity of different signalling events and guidance cues, which include Netrins and their receptors. In Drosophila, two Netrins are expressed during embryogenesis by cells of the ventral midline and serve as attractant or repellent cues for navigating axons. We asked whether glial cells, which are also motile, are guided by similar cues to axons, and analysed the influence of Netrins and their receptors on glial cell migration during embryonic development. We show that in Netrin mutants, two distinct populations of glial cells are affected: longitudinal glia (LG) fail to migrate medially …
Paracrine regulation of neural stem cells in the subependymal zone.
2012
Stem cells maintain their self-renewal and multipotency capacities through a self-organizing network of transcription factors and intracellular pathways activated by extracellular signaling from the microenvironment or "niche" in which they reside in vivo. In the adult mammalian brain new neurons continue to be generated throughout life of the organisms and this lifelong process of neurogenesis is supported by a reservoir of neural stem cells in the germinal regions. The discovery of adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain has sparked great interest in defining the conditions that guide neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance and differentiation into the great variety of neuronal and glial sub…
miR379-410 cluster miRNAs regulate neurogenesis and neuronal migration by fine-tuning N-cadherin
2014
N-cadherin-mediated adhesion is essential for maintaining the tissue architecture and stem cell niche in the developing neocortex. N-cadherin expression level is precisely and dynamically controlled throughout development; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of protein expression and subcellular localisation. In this study, we show that three miRNAs belonging to the miR379–410 cluster regulate N-cadherin expression levels in neural stem cells and migrating neurons. The overexpression of these three miRNAs in radial glial cells repressed N-cadherin expression and increased neural stem cell different…
Architecture and cell types of the adult subventricular zone: in search of the stem cells.
1998
Neural stem cells are maintained in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. Here, we review the cellular organization of this germinal layer and propose lineage relationships of the three main cell types found in this area. The majority of cells in the adult SVZ are migrating neuroblasts (type A cells) that continue to proliferate. These cells form an extensive network of tangentially oriented pathways throughout the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. Type A cells move long distances through this network at high speeds by means of chain migration. Cells in the SVZ network enter the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and migrate anteriorly into the olfactory bulb, where t…
Neurogenesis in adult subventricular zone
2002
Much excitement has been generated by the identification of adult brain regions harboring neural stem cells and their continual generation of new neurons throughout life. This is an important departure from traditional views of the germinal potential of the postnatal brain. However, a more profound
Investigating the use of primary adult subventricular zone neural precursor cells for neuronal replacement therapies
2002
With the relatively recent discovery that neurogenesis persists throughout life in restricted regions of the adult mammalian brain, including those of human beings, there has been great interest in the use of adult-derived neural stem cells for neuronal replacement. There are many great hurdles that must be overcome in order for such replacement strategies to succeed. In this review, we outline some of these hurdles and discuss recent experiments that investigate the potential of using neural precursor cells found in the subventricular zone of the adult brain for brain repair.
L-selectin regulates human neutrophil transendothelial migration
2021
ABSTRACT The migration of circulating neutrophils towards damaged or infected tissue is absolutely critical to the inflammatory response. L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule abundantly expressed on circulating neutrophils. For over two decades, neutrophil L-selectin has been assigned the exclusive role of supporting tethering and rolling – the initial stages of the multi-step adhesion cascade. Here, we provide direct evidence for L-selectin contributing to neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM). We show that L-selectin co-clusters with PECAM-1 – a well-characterised cell adhesion molecule involved in regulating neutrophil TEM. This co-clustering behaviour occurs specifically during …
Sorafenib, but not sunitinib, affects function of dendritic cells and induction of primary immune responses
2008
AbstractThe tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib are approved for the treatment of patients with malignant diseases. To analyze the possible use of these compounds in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches, we analyzed the effects of both inhibitors on the immunostimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells (DCs) and the induction of primary immune responses in vivo. Sorafenib, but not sunitinib, inhibits function of DCs, characterized by reduced secretion of cytokines and expression of CD1a, major histocompatibility complex, and costimulatory molecules in response to TLR ligands as well as by their impaired ability to migrate and stimulate T-cell responses. These inhib…
New neurons follow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the adult brain
2006
Autores: Sawamoto, K. et al. .- PMID:16410488
Polymeric Selectin Ligands Mimicking Complex Carbohydrates: From Selectin Binders to Modifiers of Macrophage Migration
2016
Novel polymeric cell adhesion inhibitors were developed in which the selectin tetrasaccharide sialyl-LewisX (SLeX ) is multivalently presented on a biocompatible poly(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (PHPMA) backbone either alone (P1) or in combination with O-sulfated tyramine side chains (P2). For comparison, corresponding polymeric glycomimetics were prepared in which the crucial "single carbohydrate" substructures fucose, galactose, and sialic acid side chains were randomly linked to the PHPMA backbone (P3 or P4 (O-sulfated tyramine)). All polymers have an identical degree of polymerization, as they are derived from the same precursor polymer. Binding assays to selectins, to activated endo…