Search results for "Cell adhesion molecule"
showing 10 items of 469 documents
Activation of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase enhances translation of mRNAs transported in hnRNP A2-dependent RNA granules.
2008
Central nervous system myelination requires the synthesis of large amounts of myelin basic protein (MBP) at the axon–glia contact site. MBP messenger RNA (mRNA) is transported in RNA granules to oligodendroglial processes in a translationally silenced state. This process is regulated by the trans-acting factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2 binding to the cis-acting A2 response element (A2RE). Release of this repression of MBP mRNA translation is thus essential for myelination. Mice deficient in the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn are hypomyelinated and contain reduced levels of MBP. Here, we identify hnRNP A2 as a target of activated Fyn in oligodendrocytes. We show that…
Origin of metazoan adhesion molecules and adhesion receptors as deduced from cDNA analyses in the marine sponge Geodia cydonium: a review.
1997
The phylogenetic relationships of the kingdom Animalia (Metazoa) have long been questioned. Whether the lowest eukaryotic multicellular organisms, the metazoan phylum Porifera (sponges), independently evolved multicellularity from a separate protist lineage (polyphyly of animals) or whether they were derived from the same protist group as the other animal phyla (monophyly) remains unclear. Analyses of the genes that are typical for multicellularity, e.g. those coding for adhesion molecules (galectin) and adhesion receptors (receptor tyrosine kinase, integrin receptor, receptors featuring scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains) or elements involved in signal transduction pathways (G-protei…
Immunohistochemical detection of EWS and FLI-1 proteinss in Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors: comparative analysis with CD99 (MIC-2…
2001
The molecular analysis of the t(11;22) rearrangement involving EWS/FLI-1 genes is likely to be of diagnostic value in Ewing sarcoma (ES) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). The objective of the current study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the EWS and FLI-1 proteins in a group of small round-cell tumors (SRCT) to determine their specificity and relevance in their differential diagnosis. Forty-eight cases-10 conventional ES, 4 large-cell ES, 5 PNET, 9 neuroblastomas (NB), 6 undifferentiated synovial sarcomas (SS), 5 rhabdomyosarcomas (RB), 5 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), 1 round-cell liposarcoma, and 3 mesenchymal chondrosarcomas-were analyzed. Immunocytochemistr…
Towards an understanding of the molecular basis of immune responses in sponges: The marine demospongeGeodia cydonium as a model
1999
The phylogenetic position of the phylum Porifera (sponges) is near the base of the kingdom Metazoa. During the last few years, not only rRNA sequences but, more importantly, cDNA/genes that code for proteins have been isolated and characterized from sponges, in particular from the marine demosponge Geodia cydonium. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of these proteins allowed a molecular biological approach to the question of the monophyly of the Metazoa. Molecules of the extracellular matrix/basal lamina, with the integrin receptor, fibronectin, and galectin as prominent examples, and of cell-surface receptors (tyrosine kinase receptor), elements of sensory systems (crystallin…
Immunohistochemical localization of polysialic acid in tissue sections: differential binding to polynucleotides and DNA of a murine IgG and a human I…
1990
For immunolocalization of alpha(2-8)-linked polysialic acid, which forms part of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), two monoclonal antibodies, MAb735 and IgMNOV, were employed. Both antibodies have previously been shown to bind the extremely low immunogenic capsular polysaccharide of group B meningococci, which also consists of alpha(2-8) polysialic acid, but not to other, even closely related forms of polysialic acid. Despite the identical polysaccharide specificity of these two MAb, we observed marked differences of the staining pattern in tissue sections. We showed that these differences in immunostaining were due to the crossreactivity of IgMNOV with polynucleotides and DNA. MA…
Comparative Studies on Vascular Endothelium in vitro
1994
Recent studies have presented evidence that the processes of hypoxaemia and reperfusion are involved in several pathogenetic mechanisms of atherosclerotic lesions. The ability of hypoxaemia to activate circulating white blood cells (WBCs) and enhance WBC-endothelial cell (EC) interactions is suspected to be a major factor in deleterious processes in the blood vessel wall. Various groups have suggested that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and their leukocyte ligands are involved in intercellular activities of the relevant cell types. We studied the effects of different oxygen tensions, simulating normoxic conditions, hypoxia and hyperoxia in vitro with t…
Comparative Studies on Vascular Endothelium in vitro
1995
Recent studies have presented evidence that the processes of hypoxaemia and reperfusion are involved in several pathogenetic mechanisms of atherosclerotic lesions. The ability of hypoxaemia to activate circulating white blood cells (WBCs) and enhance WBC-endothelial cell (EC) interactions is suspected to be a major factor in deleterious processes in the blood vessel wall. Various groups have suggested that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and their leukocyte ligands are involved in intercellular activities of the relevant cell types. We studied the effects of different oxygen tensions, simulating normoxic conditions, hypoxia and hyperoxia in vitro with t…
Impact of therapeutically induced reactive oxygen species and radical scavenging by α-tocopherol on tumor cell adhesion
2007
Many tumor treatment modalities such as ionizing radiation or some chemotherapy induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in therapeutic cell damage. The aim of this study was to analyze whether such ROS induction may affect the mechanical stability of solid tumor tissue by degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins or by a loss of cell adhesion molecules. Additionally, the protective impact of alpha-tocopherol treatment on these processes was studied. Experimental DS-sarcomas in rats were treated with a combination of localized 44 degrees C hyperthermia, inspiratory hyperoxia and xanthine oxidase in order to induce pronounced oxidative stress. A second group of animals were pret…
Expression Profile of Stress Proteins, Intermediate Filaments, and Adhesion Molecules in Experimentally Denervated and Reinnervated Rat Facial Muscle
1997
The immunohistochemical profiles of ubiquitin, heat shock protein 70, alpha-B-crystallin, desmin, vimentin, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and tenascin in rat facial muscle were studied after permanent denervation by transection of the facial plexus on one side and compared with findings after immediate reinnervation by hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis subsequent to transection on the contralateral side. Levator labii muscle samples were collected sequentially at 2, 6, 7, 10, 20, and 24 weeks after surgery. Normal levator labii muscle fibers showed physiological expression of desmin and alpha-B-crystallin. Denervated rat facial muscle displayed distinct up-regulation of ubiquiti…
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol inhibits endothelial function and repair
2021
Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and thrombus formation. Reendothelialization after angioplasty is required in order to prevent stent failure. Previous studies have highlighted the role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in murine experimental atherogenesis and in human coronary artery disease. However, the impact of 2-AG on endothelial repair and leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion is still unknown. Methods Endothelial repair was studied in two treatment groups of wildtype mice following electrical injury of the common carotid artery. One group received the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)-inhibitor JZL184, which impairs 2-AG degradatio…