Search results for "Cephalon"
showing 9 items of 99 documents
The Forebrain of the Blind Cave Fish <i>Astyanax hubbsi </i>(Characidae)
1997
This paper presents a survey of the cell groups in the telencephalon of the teleost Astyanax hubbsi, based on series of transverse sections stained with the Nissl-Kluver-Barrera and Bodian procedures. The work was conducted for two reasons. Firstly, it was intended to determine the contribution of the forebrain of blind cave fish to certain forms of behavior. An understanding of the anatomy of the telencephalic organization is essential for such a neuroethological approach. The second purpose was to provide the cytoarchitectural basis for the experimental analysis of the fiber connectivity of the telencephalon of A. hubbsi. Furthermore, information about the forebrain of characids is widely…
Molecular Evolution of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the Developing Nervous Tissue*
1964
Publisher Summary This chapter describes both electrophoretic and catalytic studies on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the developing brain. It has been found that the enzyme exhibits at birth a composition that gradually changes to attain the final pattern observed in the adult. The neurochemical findings on LDH isozymes parallel the rapid growth in the first days after birth. Isozyme E, which is not present in detectable amounts 2 days after birth, represents 15% of the enzyme on the 22nd day. Similarly, the percentage decrease of isozyme B is quite steep at the beginning. Nevertheless, the final pattern is attained only at the end of the 2nd month that is, when the cerebral cortex is full…
Topography of somatostatin gene expression relative to molecular progenitor domains during ontogeny of the mouse hypothalamus
2010
The hypothalamus comprises alar, basal, and floor plate developmental compartments. Recent molecular data support a rostrocaudal subdivision into rostral (terminal) and caudal (peduncular) halves. In this context, the distribution of neuronal populations expressing somatostatin (Sst) mRNA was analyzed in the developing mouse hypothalamus, comparing with the expression pattern of the genes Orthopedia (Otp), Distal-less 5 (Dlx5), Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Nk2 homeobox 1 (Nkx2.1). At embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), Sst mRNA was first detectable in the anterobasal nucleus, a Nkx2.1-, Shh-, and Otp-positive basal domain. By E13.5, nascent Sst expression was also related to two additional Otp-positiv…
Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the lizardPodarcis hispanica
2002
The present work studies the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-li) neurons and fibers in the brain of a reptile, the lizard Podarcis hispanica. CGRP-li perikarya were not present in the telencephalon. In the thalamus, CGRP-li perikarya were restricted to the posteromedial and posterolateral nuclei. In the hypothalamus, CGRP-li cells were found mainly in the supramammillary and mammillary nuclei. In the midbrain and brainstem, CGRP-li cells appeared in the ventral tegmental area, the parabrachial nucleus, and the motor nuclei of the III-VII, IX, X, and XII cranial nerves. Motoneurons of the ventral horn of the spinal cord were also immunoreactive for CGRP. …
Ethical challenges in cell-based interventions for neurological conditions: some lessons to be learnt from clinical transplantation trials in patient…
2009
A rare case of ruptured aneurysm of the paramedian artery of Percheron.
2018
Introduction The artery of Percheron is a rare anatomic variant supplying bilateral medial thalamic nuclei and a variable portion of the rostral part of midbrain. Case report A 48-year-old female with massive subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm of the paramedian artery of Percheron presented to the emergency room. Because of significant risk of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage, it was decided to proceed with endovascular embolization of the aneurysm. The patient was ultimately sent to a rehabilitation center and her presenting neurologic deficits showed significant improvements in the weeks following endovascular embolization treatment. Discussion The paramedian artery of Pe…
Prosurvival effect of human wild-type alpha-synuclein on MPTP-induced toxicity to central but not peripheral catecholaminergic neurons isolated from …
2010
In the present work we report the generation of a new line of alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) transgenic mice in which the human wild-type alpha-SYN cDNA is expressed under the control of a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. We provide evidence that the ectopic protein is found in TH expressing neurons of both central and peripheral nervous systems. The transgene is expressed very early in development coinciding with the activity of the TH promoter and in the adult brain the human protein distributes normally to the nerve endings and cell bodies of dopaminergic nigral neurons without any evidence of abnormal aggregation. Our results indicate that expression of human wild-type alpha-SYN does no…
Cerebral protection against ischemia by locomotor activity in gerbils. Underlying mechanisms.
1995
Background and Purpose A previous communication of this laboratory demonstrated reduced mortality and neuronal damage by spontaneous locomotor activity preceding forebrain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. The present experiments seek to elucidate potential mechanisms of protection by measurement of cerebral blood flow, cerebral tissue conductance as an indicator of ischemic cell swelling, and the cerebral release of eicosanoids. Methods Gerbils were maintained either in conventional cages (nonrunners) or with free access to running wheels (runners) for 2 weeks preceding 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia. During ischemia and 2.5 hours of reperfusion, cerebral tissue conductance was determined …
The role of the substantia nigra on the rage reaction elicited by hypothalamic stimulation, in the cat.
1985
The effects of substantia nigra stimulation on the rage reaction evoked by hypothalamic activation were studied. The reference value of the rage reaction was the latency of the hissing, which was constant in all animals when hypothalamic stimulation was performed with the same parameters. Simultaneous activation of substantia nigra and hypothalamus determined a significant decrease in hissing latency. The influence of the substantia nigra on the affective components of the aggressive behavior is underlined.