Search results for "Cephalon"
showing 10 items of 99 documents
The existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A receptor heterocomplexes in midbrain 5-HT neurons of the rat: relevance for neuroplasticity.
2012
The ascending midbrain 5-HT neurons to the forebrain may be dysregulated in depression and have a reduced trophic support. Within situproximity ligation assay (PLA) and supported by coimmunoprecipitation and colocation of the FGFR1 and 5-HT1A immunoreactivities in the midbrain raphe cells, evidence for the existence of FGFR1–5-HT1A receptor heterocomplexes in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the Sprague Dawley rat as well as in the rat medullary raphe RN33B cells has been obtained. Especially after combined FGF-2 and 8-OH-DPAT treatment, a marked and significant increase in PLA clusters was found in the RN33B cells. Similar results were reached with the FRET technique in HEK293T cells,…
Rapid, reproducible transduction of select forebrain regions by targeted recombinant virus injection into the neonatal mouse brain
2009
Viral vectors can mediate long-term gene expression in different regions of the brain. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and Lenti virus (LV) have both gained prominence due to their ability to achieve specific transduction of various neuronal populations. Whilst widespread gene delivery has been obtained by targeted injection of rAAV in various brain structures, LV has also been utilized for infection of stem cell populations for cell lineage tracing. Both viral vector systems are most commonly used for gene delivery in mature brains, but the great potential of somatic gene delivery into the neonate brain has not been systematically exploited. Here we provide a systematic guideline…
A new Alokistocaridae Resser, 1939 (Trilobita) from the middle Cambrian of Spain
2012
A new trilobite species, Schopfaspis? graciai, from the middle Cambrian of Spain is the first member of Alokistocaridae reported from west Gondwana. A cladistic analysis of this trilobite and other Gondwanan trilobites of possible alokistocarid affinities (Schopfaspis granulosa, Chelidonocephalus anatolicus, Derikaspis toluni, Kounamkites multiformis) suggests that this family can be divided into two subfamilies: Alokistocarinae and Altiocculinae. Schopfaspis? graciai nov. sp. and Schopfaspis granulosa are assigned to the subfamily Altiocculinae laying in a more basal position than Altiocculus species. The cladistic analysis also demonstrates a possible relationship of Chelidonocephalus ana…
CB(1) signaling in forebrain and sympathetic neurons is a key determinant of endocannabinoid actions on energy balance
2010
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a critical role in obesity development. The pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1)) has been shown to reduce body weight and to alleviate obesity-related metabolic disorders. An unsolved question is at which anatomical level CB(1) modulates energy balance and the mechanisms involved in its action. Here, we demonstrate that CB(1) receptors expressed in forebrain and sympathetic neurons play a key role in the pathophysiological development of diet-induced obesity. Conditional mutant mice lacking CB(1) expression in neurons known to control energy balance, but not in nonneuronal peripheral organs, displayed a lean phenotype and res…
Contribution of Morphometrics to the Systematics of the Ordovician GenusNeseuretus(Calymenidae, Trilobita) from the Armorican Massif, France
2013
The genusNeseuretusHicks, 1873 is the most abundant trilobite of the Ordovician siltite succession of the Andouillé and Traveusot Formations in the French Armorican massif. The systematics of some species ofNeseuretusis still unclear. Armorican and Iberian domains formed part of a distinctive paleobiogeographical province in the Ordovician and, while fiveNeseuretusspecies were defined in Iberia that follow each other through time, from the Middle to the Upper Ordovician, only oneNeseuretusspecies,N. tristani, has been identified in the Armorican massif so far. The discovery of new fossil deposits in the Ménez-Belair syncline has led to the identification and re-description of threeNeseuretu…
Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Adult Reptilian Brain
2002
Evidence accumulated over the last few decades demonstrates that all reptiles examined thus far continue to add neurons at a high rate and in many regions of the adult brain. This so-called adult neurogenesis has been described in the olfactory bulbs, rostral forebrain, all cortical areas, anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, septum, striatum, nucleus sphericus, and cerebellum. The rate of neuronal production varies greatly among these brain areas. Moreover, striking differences in the rate and distribution of adult neurogenesis have been noted among species. In addition to producing new neurons in the adult brain, lizards, and possibly other reptiles as well, are capable of regenerating larg…
Differential evolution of PSA-NCAM expression during aging of the rat telencephalon
2007
Changes in the ability of neuronal networks to undergo structural remodeling may be involved in the age-associated cognitive decline. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) declines dramatically during postnatal development, but persists in several regions of the young-adult rat telencephalon, where it participates, through its anti-adhesive properties, in neuronal structural plasticity. However, PSA-NCAM expression during aging has only been studied in the dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex layer II, where it is strongly downregulated in adult (middle-aged) individuals. Using immunohistochemistry, we have observed that in most of the telencephalic areas …
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons: distinctive sufficiency for hippocampus-dependent and amygdala-dependent syna…
2013
A major goal in current neuroscience is to understand the causal links connecting protein functions, neural activity, and behavior. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in different neuronal subpopulations, and is engaged in fine-tuning excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Studies using conditional knock-out mice revealed necessary roles of CB1 receptor expressed in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons in synaptic plasticity and behavior, but whether this expression is also sufficient for brain functions is still to be determined. We applied a genetic strategy to reconstitute full wild-type CB1 receptor functions exclusively in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons a…
Selective Adhesion of Cells from Different Telencephalic Regions
1996
AbstractWe asked whether specification of different regions of the rodent and avian telencephalon during development involved the acquisition of differential adhesive properties. Cells from different regions were aggregated in a short-term aggregation assay, and their segregation was analyzed. Both neurons and precursor cells from cortex segregate from striatal cells at early, but not later, stages, whereas cells from rodent neocortex and hippocampus segregated only during later stages. Segregation was abolished when Ca2+-dependent but not Ca2+-independent adhesion molecules were selectively removed. Thus, selective adhesion appears to be a conserved mechanism that restricts cellular mixing…
The proliferative ventricular zone in adult vertebrates: a comparative study using reptiles, birds, and mammals
2002
Although evidence accumulated during the last decades has advanced our understanding of adult neurogenesis in the vertebrate brain, many aspects of this intriguing phenomenon remain controversial. Here we review the organization and cellular composition of the ventricular wall of reptiles, birds, and mammals in an effort to identify differences and commonalities among these vertebrate classes. Three major cell types have been identified in the ventricular zone of reptiles and birds: migrating (Type A) cells, radial glial (Type B) cells, and ependymal (Type E) cells. Cells similar anatomically and functionally to Types A, B, and E have also been described in the ventricular wall of mammals, …