Search results for "Cerebro"

Clearance of Edema Fluid into Cerebrospinal Fluid

1983

The formation of cerebral edema appears to be the response of the brain to injury from a diversity of causes, in association with tumors, trauma, and infections, as well as toxic, anoxic, and metabolic disorders. The classification by Klatzo14 of cerebral edema into two major categories, vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema, has clarified our understanding of this pathological problem. A third category has been termed interstitial 10 or hydrocephalic 17 edema. The various processes are not mutually exclusive. In ischemic brain edema, changes characteristic of vasogenic and cytotoxic cerebral edema occur, and in subarachnoid hemorrhage, all three types of edematous changes may develop. Nevert…

Exploring the Virchow-Robin spaces function: A unified theory of brain diseases.

2016

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport across the central nervous system (CNS) is no longer believed to be on the conventional lines. The Virchow-Robin space (VRS) that facilitates CSF transport from the basal cisterns into the brain interstitial fluid (ISF) has gained interest in a whole new array of studies. Moreover, new line of evidence suggests that VRS may be involved in different pathological mechanisms of brain diseases. Methods: Here, we review emerging studies proving the feasible role of VRS in sleep, Alzheimer's disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results: In this study, we have outlined the possible role of VRS in different path…

Amphotericin B Penetrates into the Central Nervous System through Focal Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Hematogenous Candida Me…

2019

Hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) is a life-threatening complication of neonates and immunocompromised children. Amphotericin B (AmB) shows poor permeability and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations, but is effective in treatment of HCME. In order to better understand the mechanism of CNS penetration of AmB, we hypothesized that AmB may achieve focally higher concentrations in infected CNS lesions. An in vitro BBB model was serially infected with C. albicans. Liposomal AmB (LAMB) or deoxycholate AmB (DAMB) at 5 μg/ml were then provided, vascular and CNS compartments were sampled 4h later. For in vivo correlation, rabbits with experimental HCME received a single dose of…

Prognostic Role of CSF β-amyloid 1–42/1–40 Ratio in Patients Affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2021

The involvement of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been widely discussed and its role in the disease is still a matter of debate. Aβ accumulates in the cortex and the anterior horn neurons of ALS patients and seems to affect their survival. To clarify the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 42/40 ratios as a potential prognostic biomarker for ALS, we performed a retrospective observational study on a cohort of ALS patients who underwent a lumbar puncture at the time of the diagnosis. CSF Aβ 1–40 and Aβ 1–42 ratios were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay and their values were correlated with clinical features. We found a signi…

Monitoring of cortical blood flow: Clinical relevance of experimental laser Doppler studies

1996

Continuous monitoring of cortical blood flow provides real time information of CBF-changes during neurosurgical operations and on the neurointensive care unit. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a continuous, noninvasive technique suitable for measurement of the cortical microcirculation. In a number of experimental studies we have analyzed the characteristics of this method for cortical blood flow monitoring. The high spatial resolution of laser Doppler flowmetry and the heterogeneity of the cortical microvascular network results in a scatter of flow values over a wide range depending on the site of measurement. Data collection from different spots and calculation of frequency histogram may serve …

Predominance of Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with tuberculous meningitis: Reversal after chemotherapy

1999

We analyzed the γδ T cell composition and responses in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and in control children. Peripheral blood and CSF samples were stimulated with different phosphoantigens and IL-2, and expansion of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells assessed by FAC S analysis. Vγ9/Vδ2 lines were obtained by culturing CSF or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro with phosphoantigens and IL-2 for 2 months, and tested for proliferation and cytokine production in response to phosphoantigens. Vδ2(D)Jδ junctional sequence length was assessed by PCR. The repertoire of γδ T cells from the CSF of TBM patients was characterized by …

Cerebrospinal fluid choline levels in Parkinson's disease

1993

What is the relationship between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis?

2013

Abstract Although most of the research on multiple sclerosis was focused on its autoimmune aspects, researchers were also considering the roles of other factors, including vascular background of the disease. The idea that multiple sclerosis might be caused by stenoses of the veins draining the brain and spinal cord (the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency), is currently hotly debated by scientific community. Despite conflicting reports, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency seems to be a real clinical phenomenon. However, it remains uncertain how it should be defined and which tests should be used for its detection. Probably this vascular abnormality should be primaril…

Unexpected postmortem diagnosis of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

2008

Meningoencephalitis caused by pathogenic free-living amebas is usually fatal. Only a few cases of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis, diagnosed at autopsy, have been reported following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We here report a case of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with rapidly evolving neurologic symptoms that remained unexplained. Magnetic resonance imaging failed to show brain lesions and cerebrospinal fluid was negative for microbiological cultures. Definite diagnosis was an unexpected autopsy finding. As overall and teaching hospital autopsy rates are declining worldwide, we must emphasize the need of autop…

Computer simulation of oxygen tension histograms--a possibility for interpretation of microelectrode measurements.

1972

Mit Sauerstoff-Mikroelektroden werden die lokalen Werte des Sauerstoffpartialdruckes im Mikrobereich der Organe gemessen und graphisch als Haufigkeitsverteilungen (Histogramme) dargestellt. Theoretisch wird der Einfluss der Kapillaranordnung (Gleich-, Gegenstromsystem und Kapillarnetzwerk) auf die Haufigkeitsverteilung der P02 Werte untersucht. Die fur zweidimensionale Modelle durchgefuhrte Analyse zeigt, dass Unterschiede in der Durchblutung, wie sie in den einzelnen Zweigen der Kapillarnetzwerke auftreten, einen starken Einfluss auf die Histogramme haben.