Search results for "Cerebro"
showing 10 items of 539 documents
Plasma levels and cerebrospinal fluid penetration by duloxetine in a patient with a non-fatal overdose during a suicide attempt
2009
Duloxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake with weak activity on dopamine reuptake (Wong et al. 1993). Daily doses of 60 mg are effective in the acute treatment of major depression. Duloxetine is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYP) 1A2 and to a lesser extent 2D6 (Lobo et al. 2008) to numerous non-active metabolites. Maximum plasma concentration occurs after 6 h, steady-state within 3 d and the mean terminal half-life is 12 h. Fatal outcomes have been reported for acute overdoses as low as 1000 mg, and symptoms of duloxetine overdose are well described. However, information about plasma levels of duloxetine and correspondin…
Formation of N-methylnicotinamide in the brain from a dihydropyridine-type prodrug
1999
The enhancement of brain choline levels is a possible therapeutic option in neurodegenerative diseases; however, brain choline levels are held within narrow limits by homeostatic mechanisms including the rapid clearance of excess choline from the brain. The present study tests whether N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), an inhibitor of the outward transport of choline from the brain, can elevate brain choline levels in vivo. As NMN does not cross the blood-brain barrier, we synthesized and administered the brain-permeable prodrug, 1,4-dihydro-N-methyl-nicotinamide (DNMN), and tested its effect on the levels of NMN and choline in brain extracellular fluid, using the microdialysis procedure. Administ…
Catheter venography for the assessment of internal jugular veins and azygous vein: position statement by expert panel of the International Society fo…
2013
This document by an expert panel of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease is aimed at presenting current technique and interpretation of catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, azygous vein and other veins draining the central nervous system. Although interventionalists agree on general rules, significant differences exist in terms of details of venographic technique and interpretations of angiographic pictures. It is also suggested that debatable findings should be investigated using multimodal diagnostics. Finally, the authors recommend that any publication on chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency should include detailed description of venographic technique u…
Distribution of ventilation and oxygenation in surgical obese patients ventilated with high versus low positive end-expiratory pressure: A substudy o…
2022
BACKGROUND Intra-operative ventilation using low/physiological tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with periodic alveolar recruitment manoeuvres (ARMs) is recommended in obese surgery patients.OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of PEEP levels and ARMs on ventilation distribution, oxygenation, haemodynamic parameters and cerebral oximetry.DESIGN A substudy of a randomised controlled trial.SETTING Tertiary medical centre in Geneva, Switzerland, between 2015 and 2018.PATIENTS One hundred and sixty-two patients with a BMI at least 35 kg per square metre undergoing elective open or laparoscopic surgery lasting at least 120 min.INTERVENTION Patients were randomised to PEEP…
La calidad de vida de los niños con tumores intracraneales: prevención, detección y rehabilitación de los 'efectos tardíos' de la enfermedad
2011
En este artículo describimos los efectos tardíos provocados por la enfermedad y los tratamientos en los niños con tumores intracraneales. Los efectos tardíos abarcan múltiples aspectos: médicos, neurocognitivos/educativos y sociales /comportamentales. Consideramos que la prevención, evaluación y rehabilitación de dichas secuelas es una tarea multidisciplinar en la que se precisa de la actuación coordinada de los servicios sanitarios y educativos y de la colaboración de la familia y escuela y que contribuye a la mejora de la calidad de vida del niño superviviente de un tumor intracraneal. PALABRAS CLAVE: Supervivientes de tumor intracraneal, secuelas a largo plazo, radioterapia craneal, prev…
Cognitive impairment and stroke in elderly patients.
2016
Daniele Lo Coco,1 Gianluca Lopez,1 Salvatore Corrao,2,31Neurology and Stroke Unit, 2Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, 3Centre of Research for Effectiveness and Appropriateness in Medicine (C.R.E.A.M.), Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Abstract: We reviewed current knowledge about the interaction between stroke and vascular risk factors and the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Stroke is increasingly recognized as an important cause of cognitive problems and has been implicated in the development of both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Th…
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
2015
The authors wish to thank Dr R Simpson and Dr D Taylor for critical reading of the manuscript and acknowledge the Horizon 2020 European Cooperation in Science and Technology programme and its support of our European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health & Disease (ME-HaD; BM1202 www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/bmbs/Actions/BM1202). In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive invest…
Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subarachnoid haemorrhage hospitalisations, aneurysm treatment and in-hospital mortality: 1-year follow-up.
2022
BackgroundPrior studies indicated a decrease in the incidences of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated differences in the incidence, severity of aSAH presentation, and ruptured aneurysm treatment modality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding year.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study including 49 countries and 187 centres. We recorded volumes for COVID-19 hospitalisations, aSAH hospitalisations, Hunt-Hess grade, coiling, clipping and aSAH in-hospital mortality. Diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes or stroke databases from Jan…
Anatomic and flow dynamic considerations for safe right axillary artery cannulation.
2013
Objectives Neuroprotection is of paramount interest in cardiac surgery. Right axillary artery cannulation is well established in aortic surgery because it significantly improves survival and outcome, but malperfusion of the right brain after direct cannulation has been reported. Anatomically, 4 vessel segments are potentially amenable for cannulation of the subclavian and axillary arteries. Clinical studies vary widely in dissection sites and cannulation techniques. We investigated critical flow dynamics in the right brain caused by arterial inflow after direct cannulation and specified cannulation positions that provide optimal cerebral perfusion. Methods Distances from the lateral margin …
Paraneoplastische limbische Enzephalitis bei kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom
2004
We report about a 63-year-old male patient who complained of a recent onset of confusion. A mediastinal mass had been detected in his chest X-ray three days before admission to our clinic. Surprisingly, a CT scan of the brain revealed no signs of cerebral masses or oedema. MRI demonstrated bright hyperintens signals in the medial aspect of both temporal lobes. Biopsy by mediastinoscopy showed small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). No distant metastases were found by staging procedures. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum contained antineuronal antibodies (anti-Hu). The combination of symptoms, MRI findings and paraneoplastic antibodies established the diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in…