Search results for "Child Development"

A systematic review of neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure

2014

Agricultural and residential use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has increased in recent decades after banning some persistent pesticides. Although there is evidence of the effects of OPs on neurodevelopment and behaviour in adults, limited information is available about their effects in children, who might be more vulnerable to neurotoxic compounds. This paper was aimed at analysing the scientific evidence published to date on potential neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to OPs. A systematic review was undertaken to identify original articles published up to December 2012 evaluating prenatal or postnatal exposure to OPs in children and effects …

2014

Background The development of face and object processing has attracted much attention; however, studies that directly compare processing of both visual categories across age are rare. In the present study, we compared the developmental trajectories of face and object processing in younger children (8–10 years), older children (11–13 years), adolescents (14–16 years), and adults (20–37). Methodology/Principal Findings We used a congruency paradigm in which subjects compared the internal features of two stimuli, while the (unattended) external features either agreed or disagreed independent of the identity of the internal features. We found a continuous increase in matching accuracy for faces…

COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND MUSIC – UNITING IN THE MUSIC PROCESS

2018

Object of paper – explore and discover the communication skills and musical synthesis of musical lessons in the process of working with children up to three years. The paper was used for theoretical metod – analysis of scientific literature and empirical research method – use of communication skill assessment tool in music lesson, pedagogical observations and conclusions.The paper updates the communication skills assessment tool for children up to three years old. These are children in a social care institution until a decision is made about his future.The author main conclusions of the study: 1. In order to ensure the environment for children in music classes, in order to promote the devel…

CHILD’S MUSICAL ENVIRONMENT FROM BIRTH TO 1,5 YEARS IN SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTIONS

2016

Object of the paper – explore the musical environment of creating the importance of a child’s development up to the 1,5-year the social care institution. The paper was used for the theoretical metod – analysis of scientific literature and empirical research method – pedagogical observations of the individual and group lessons. The role is theoretically and practically explored and described in the musical environment of the social care institution for the children up to 1,5 years.The author main conclusions of the study: 1. A musical environment that is dominated by the positive emotional experiences, contributes to the child’s emotional development and self-motivation to participate, as a …

Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs

2013

AM Vicente - Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in …

The effect of school quality on educational attainment and wages

1998

The paper examines the effects of school pupil-teacher ratios and type of school on educational attainment and wages using the British National Child Development survey (NCDS). The NCDS is a panel survey which has followed a cohort of individuals born in March 1958, and has a rich set of background variables recorded throughout the individual's life. The results suggest that, once we control for ability and family background, the pupil-teacher ratio has no impact on educational qualifications or on male wages. It has an impact on women’s wages at the age of 33, particularly those of low ability. We also find evidence that those who attend selective schools have better educational outcomes a…

Demographic and Parental Factors Associated With Developmental Outcomes in Children With Intellectual Disabilities

2019

The aim of the study was to examine the relation between demographic variables, parental characteristics, and cognitive, language and motor skills development in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). A sample of 89 children with ID, aged 20 to 47 months, completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development to measure cognitive, motor and linguistic development. Parents were administered questionnaires about demographic information and parental anxiety, depression, parental stress, conjugality and familial functioning. Parenting behaviors (affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching) were observed using the Spanish version of PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions with Children: Che…

Changes in children's sleep domains between 2 and 3 years of age: the Ulm SPATZ Health Study

2017

Abstract Objective There is growing interest in the link between sleep habits and child health but reference values specific to toddlers as well as longitudinal data on sleep are scarce. We aimed to describe parent-reported child sleep habits and their intra-individual changes in 2- to 3-year-olds using data from a regional birth cohort study. Methods In the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, a birth cohort study conducted at Ulm, Southern Germany, with baseline examination from April 2012 to May 2013, the German version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-DE) was used longitudinally at follow-ups at 2 and 3 years ( N = 615 children). Descriptive statistics including intra-individual di…

Children’s life world as a perspective on their citizenship: The case of the Finnish Children’s Parliament

2012

The latest childhood studies present children’s citizenship as a process of engaging in matters related to children themselves in their everyday lives. However, only a few studies have been conducted on what those issues are and what they actually tell about children’s citizenship. This study explores the nature of children’s participation and citizenship by adopting a life world perspective. The aim is to examine what kind of issues children want to participate in and influence. The data are drawn from an online discussion in the Finnish Children’s Parliament. Altogether 61 children participated in the discussion, with 566 postings. The analysis of the children’s online discussion shows t…

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF TEACHER COMPETENCIES

2018

Significant changes in the society of the XXI century determine the changes in the education system. Nowadays the challenge of promoting child development is important. Teaching subjects does not give a generalised idea about nature, society and people in general. Teachers need new competences to move to logic of human development in education. The article analyses teacher’s communicative, self-cognition and cognitive management, methodological and organisational function that are united and contribute to the balanced development of pupils, therefore, in accordance with these functions, it is necessary to acquire the corresponding competences. By analysing theoretical literature, the articl…