Search results for "Chlorpyrifos"
showing 10 items of 28 documents
Biomonitoring of non-persistent pesticides in urine from lactating mothers: Exposure and risk assessment
2019
Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the exposure to pesticides in urine from Spanish lactating mothers (n = 116). Six nonspecific (dialkyl phosphates) and 20 specific metabolites of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), herbicides and pyrethroids were analyzed. The most frequently detected biomarkers were diethyl phosphate, p-nitrophenol, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, whose geometric means were 1.9 ng·mL−1, 0.8 ng·mL−1, 1.5 ng·mL−1 and 1.4 ng·mL−1, respectively. Herbicide metabolites were the least frequently detected biomarkers with detection frequencies between 0% (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 22% (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Multiple re…
Exposure to non-persistent pesticides in the Spanish population using biomonitoring: A review
2021
Abstract Although Spain does not have a regular national human biomonitoring program yet, different research groups are active in evaluating the exposure of children and adults to chemicals. In the last seven years, several studies in Spain have evaluated the internal exposure of the population to currently used pesticides. The present review analyzes the scope of these studies, the employed analytical methods and the main results of the exposure and risk, mainly for children and mothers. The frequency of exposure to biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate pesticides is high. Some non-specific dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DAPs), such as the diethyl phosphate (DEP), present Detection Fre…
The effects of alpha-cypermethrin exposure on biochemical and redox parameters in pregnant rats and their newborns
2016
IF 2.388; International audience; Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in agriculture and in household activities. During pregnancy, they might affect maternal metabolic status and there after fetal development. In this work, we studied metabolic and redox effects of low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure in pregnant rats and their offspring. The diet containing alpha cypermethrin at 0.02 mg/kg/day was consumed during the entire gestation. Plasma biochemical parameters as well as liver lipid and oxidative stress markers were determined. Our results showed that alpha-cypermethrin induced an increase in body weight and in plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as in plasma aspartate a…
Pesticide residues in oranges from Valencia (Spain)
2001
One hundred and fifty citrus samples from an agricultural co-operative of the Valencian Community (Spain) were analysed for pre- and post-harvest pesticide residues using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Among the residues from post-harvest treatments, imazalil was detected in 112 (74.7%) samples at a mean level of 1.2 mg/kg, thiabendazole in 21 (14.0%) samples at a mean level of 0.47 mg/kg and carbendazim in 5 (3.3%) samples at a mean level of 1.05 mg/kg. Among the residues from pre-harvest treatment, dicofol was detected in 28 (18.7%) samples at a mean level of .28 mg/kg chlorpyriphos in 19 (12.7% samples at a mean level of 0.16 mg/kg and endosulfan in 11 (7.…
Analysis of Chlorpyrifos in Water, Fruit Juice, and Honeybee Extract by Chemiluminescent Elisa
2008
Abstract The suitability of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with chemiluminescent detection-based immobilized antigen (indirect assay) for rapid and accurate determination of chlorpyrifos in various food matrices was tested. The limit of detection (LOD) values were 1–1.75 ng mL−1, the standard curve midpoint (IC50) was 3.5 ng mL−1, and the assay duration was 1.5 h. Assay application to the analysis of honeybee extract resulted in chlorpyrifos recoveries varying between 62 and 83% in 5–15 ng mL−1 herbicide concentration range.
Evaluation of working air quality by using semipermeable membrane devices
2008
Abstract It has been evaluated the use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive samplers of organophosphorus pesticides from air, in order to determine the contamination of working environments. Additionally, the use of SPMDs as portable samplers has been also considered. The analytical methodology for the determination of diazinon, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos and fenthion in SPMDs exposed to contaminated air was based on microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry determination. Limit of detection (LOD) values from 2 to 4 ng SPMD−1 and repeatability from 2 to 7% were obtained by using the aforementioned methodology. Theor…
Implementing the contamination prevention programs in the pesticide industry by infrared spectroscopy.
2014
Abstract An infrared spectroscopy based methodology has been successfully developed to implement contamination prevention programs in the pesticide industry. Sensitivity of the IR procedure, traditionally considered the Achilles Hell of the technique, has been improved by using a transmission cell with an open upper side, an internal volume of 35 µL and an optical pathlength of 0.5 mm, providing detection limits of 32 mg L−1 for folpet and 48 mg L−1 for cymoxanil. The manufacturing of folpet and cymoxanil was employed as an example and the IR methodology was validated for the implementation of contamination prevention programs in the pesticide industry. The swab test and rinsate method were…
Selective solid-phase extraction of organophosphorus pesticides and their oxon-derivatives from water samples using molecularly imprinted polymer fol…
2020
Abstract A molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized and characterized to be used as solid-phase extraction sorbent for simultaneous chlorpyrifos and diazinon and their oxon derivatives. Several imprinted polymers were prepared and evaluated in a retention study of these analytes compared with a non-printed polymer. Several parameters affecting the extraction of imprinted polymer such as washing solvent, composition and volume of the eluting solvent and sample volume, were also investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided satisfactory limits of detection ranging between 0.07 µg L−1 to 0.12 µg L−1 and the material showed an excellent reusability (> 50 reuses)…
A validated and fast procedure for FTIR determination of Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos.
2005
Abstract A FTIR methodology has been developed for the simultaneous determination of Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos in pesticide commercially available formulations. The method involves the extraction of both active principles with CHCl3 and direct measurement of the peak area values between 1747 and 1737 cm−1 corrected with a baseline defined at 2000 cm−1 for Cypermethrin and peak height values established at 1549 cm−1 corrected using a baseline situated at 1650 cm−1 for Chlorpyrifos. The limits of detection achieved were of the order of 0.7 and 0.4% (w/w), and the relative standard deviation 0.4 and 0.2% for Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos, respectively. The developed procedure provided stat…
Pesticides in the Ebro River basin: Occurrence and risk assessment
2016
In this study, 50 pesticides were analyzed in the Ebro River basin in 2010 and 2011 to assess their impact in water, sediment and biota. A special emphasis was placed on the potential effects of both, individual pesticides and their mixtures, in three trophic levels (algae, daphnia and fish) using Risk Quotients (RQs) and Toxic Units (TUs) for water and sediments. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon and carbendazim were the most frequent in water (95, 95 and 70% of the samples, respectively). Imazalil (409.73 ng/L) and diuron (150 ng/L) were at the highest concentrations. Sediment and biota were less contaminated. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon and diclofenthion were the most frequent in sediments (82, 45 and 2…