Search results for "Choice"
showing 10 items of 795 documents
Poverty as failed exercise of rights? Some theoretical problems
2007
A state of deprivation can be epitomised as a situation that implies not only a lack of resources but even a failed exercise of individual rights. Sometimes, if we consider poor exclusively those who have not enough money we may miss part of the picture or we may pursue inefficient and/or unjust policies. Let us think of handicapped persons that have a certain income; this sum may be enough for healthy people, but it is not the case for those who are not self-sufficient. Thus, we may have people poor and people not poor with the same amount of resources. Poverty, then, must be considered not as a lack of resources but as the difficulty of enjoying relevant opportunities (e.g. reading, writi…
KAMA: A Temperature-Driven Model of Mate Choice Using Dynamic Partner Representations
2008
KAMA is a model of mate-choice based on a gradual, stochastic process of building up representations of potential partners through encounters and dating, ultimately leading to marriage. Individuals must attempt to find a suitable mate in a limited amount of time with only partial knowledge of the individuals in the pool of potential candidates. Individuals have multiple-valued character profiles, which describe a number of their characteristics (physical beauty, potential earning power, etc.), as well as preference profiles, that specify their degree of preference for those characteristics in members of the opposite sex. A process of encounters and dating allows individuals to gradually bui…
Mating strategies and resulting patterns in mate guarding crustaceans : an empirical and theoretical approach
2012
Because of strong costs associated with each mating event, females are usually not as available for reproduction as males at any given time. Males are therefore in competition with each other for access to receptive females, hence leading to strong sexual selection. One textbook case of such a mating system occurs in moulting crustaceans where females can only be fertilized during a short period following their moult. This has favoured the evolution male strategies to monopolize females before their period of receptivity. Such a precopulatory mate guarding is widespread among many taxa and represents one of the most striking example of males’ competitive traits favoured by sexual selection.…
A Decision Analysis Approach to Multiple-Choice Examinations
1998
We present a decision analysis approach to the problems faced by people subject to multiple-choice examinations, as often encountered in their education, in looking for a job, or in getting a driving permit.
Separation of Cognitive Impairments in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Into 2 Familial Factors
2010
Contains fulltext : 89304.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) CONTEXT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with widespread cognitive impairments, but it is not known whether the apparent multiple impairments share etiological roots or separate etiological pathways exist. A better understanding of the etiological pathways is important for the development of targeted interventions and for identification of suitable intermediate phenotypes for molecular genetic investigations. OBJECTIVES: To determine, by using a multivariate familial factor analysis approach, whether 1 or more familial factors underlie the slow and variable reaction times, impaired response inhi…
Análisis del comportamiento de alumnos expertos resolutores de problemas en el contexto del concurso matemático Pruebas Canguro
2021
Presentamos resultados de una investigación que analiza las estrategias de estudiantes considerados expertos resolutores de problemas en el contexto del concurso Proves Cangur, con problemas de elección múltiple y tiempo limitado para resolverlos. Nuestro objetivo es entender mejor las estrategias de resolución utilizadas, el uso de las opciones de respuesta y cómo afecta el límite de tiempo a sus estrategias de resolución y a su confianza en las respuestas. Los estudiantes han resuelto dos bloques de problemas, uno en las condiciones del concurso y otro sin estos condicionantes. Establecemos una categorización para el grado de certeza que muestran los estudiantes en sus respuestas. No se o…
Variables Influencing Chewing Electromyography Response in Food Texture Evaluation
2004
Abstract Food choice is linked to many characteristics, among which texture is one of the most important. As a consequence, texture is a quality parameter that needs to be understood on a global perspective, including physical and psychological aspects. Texture perception is gained from a complex process of chewing, and not from a single action. Thus, there is a need for techniques that consider the whole process of chewing. Among those techniques, electromyography (EMG) seems promising. Different variables influence the chewing response as registered through EMG. Some of those variables are linked to the experimental set-up, where there is a need for standardization as well as data process…
Individuals in Their Spatial and Social Environments
2016
International audience; This chapter presents the psychological context in which individuals find themselves when they have to choose a place to live (to rent or buy) in a given setting. The act of living in a particular place and type of dwelling arises out of a specific process. It is this decision mechanism that we wish to account for here.
The impact of oral rehabilitation with implants in nutrition and quality of life: A questionnaire-based survey on self-perception
2019
Background The association between tooth loss and masticatory problems may influence on food choices and consequently impact nutrition and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate impact of oral rehabilitation with implants in nutrition and quality of life. Material and Methods A prospective study was performed. The Questionnaire for Healthy Habits (QHH) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) tools were used to assess nutrition and oral health status, respectively. Oral implants were placed and the adjacent the bone was radiographically assessed. The mean outcomes of the QHH between pre- and post-rehabilitation periods were assessed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The OHIP…
Small-sample characterization of stochastic approximation staircases in forced-choice adaptive threshold estimation
2007
Despite the widespread use of up—down staircases in adaptive threshold estimation, their efficiency and usability in forced-choice experiments has been recently debated. In this study, simulation techniques were used to determine the small-sample convergence properties of stochastic approximation (SA) staircases as a function of several experimental parameters. We found that satisfying some general requirements (use of the accelerated SA algorithm, clear suprathreshold initial stimulus intensity, large initial step size) the convergence was accurate independently of the spread of the underlying psychometric function. SA staircases were also reliable for targeting percent-correct levels far …