Search results for "Choice"
showing 10 items of 795 documents
The effect of male-male competition and ornament size on mean and variance of courtship intensity towards heterospecific and conspecific females
2015
Discrimination between hetero- and conspecifics is the elementary choice an individual performs when searching for potential mates. The level of selectivity and strength of species discrimination is modified by variance in the quality of females, level of the male’s reproductive investment, mate search costs, and the competitive environment. The effect of the competitive environment on both species discrimination and conspecific mate choice has seldom been studied simultaneously. We experimentally manipulated territorial competition ofCalopteryx splendensdamselfly males in the wild, and asked two questions. First, does increased competition influence the territorial males’ responses towards…
No evidence for an indirect benefit from female mate preference in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, but female ornamentation decreases offspring viab…
2011
Female mate choice is considered an important evolutionary agent, but there has been an ongoing debate over the fitness consequences it produces, especially in species that have a resource-free mating system. We examined a potential fitness benefit resulting from the pre-spawning mate preference in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, a salmonid fish with no parental care. The females were first allowed to discriminate behaviourally between two males presented to them in a free choice test. We then tested with controlled fertilizations whether the females would accrue indirect genetic benefits for their offspring, as measured by embryonic viability, if they had mated with the male they preferre…
A review of the use of information and communication technologies for dietary assessment.
2009
Presently used dietary-assessment methods often present difficulties for researchers and respondents, and misreporting errors are common. Methods using information and communication technologies (ICT) may improve quality and accuracy. The present paper presents a systematic literature review describing studies applying ICT to dietary assessment. Eligible papers published between January 1995 and February 2008 were classified into four assessment categories: computerised assessment; personal digital assistants (PDA); digital photography; smart cards. Computerised assessments comprise frequency questionnaires, 24 h recalls (24HR) and diet history assessments. Self-administered computerised as…
The Wheres and Hows of Residential Choice
2016
International audience; A wide variety of choices and decisions are open to individuals when looking for a place to live: a flat or a house, renting or buying depending on one’s resources and plans; living in a city centre to enjoy its buzz, or in a certain district to have a school close by, or on the outskirts in a more village-like setting; and in this last case, how far from urban centres and major access routes? What ultimately are individuals’ preferences? All these questions presuppose looking at how they perceive and evaluate the urban environment so as to better grasp what it is that leads to residential satisfaction. However, it is not the evaluation or satisfaction in itself that…
Vulnerability, freedom of choice and structural global injustice: The “consent” to exploitation of migrant women workers
2019
This chapter analyzes the philosophical implications related to the “position of vulnerability” defined by the Directive 2011/36/EU on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting its Victims as “a situation in which the person concerned has no real or acceptable alternative but to submit to the abuse involved” (art. 2.2). In particular, the chapter focuses on the “choice” made by migrant women employed in care and domestic work and in the agricultural sector in Italy. The Italian labor market is marked by the exploitation of migrant women, especially women from Romania, due to social, economic and legal factors that will be considered from a gender perspective. Women…
Modeling risk perception in ATIS context through Fuzzy Logic
2011
Abstract This research is aimed at investigating the effect of accuracy of ATIS (Advanced Traveller Information Systems) in terms of route choices and travellers concordance to informative system. A Stated Preference Experiment has been made by using a Travel Simulator developed at the Technische Universiteit of Delft (The Netherlands). During the experiment respondents have been asked to make repeated route choices in presence of ATIS. Two kinds of information have been tested: descriptive (respondents are provided with the estimated travel times on each route), and prescriptive (respondents are provided with the estimated shortest route). For each kind of information four levels of accura…
La notion de croissance chez Dewey et Rorty
2010
National audience; La notion de croissance revêt deux types d'aspects : quantitatif et qualitatif. Le premier évoque l'accroissement, l'augmentation ou le changement physiologique. Le deuxième concerne l'enrichissement, l'accomplissement de la personne ; il est lié à la tâche éducative. Les philosophes américains John Dewey et Richard Rorty s'accordent à souligner la "nécessaire indétermination" du terme "croissance", afin de laisser ouvertes les perspectives d'évolution. Cependant, leurs points de vue divergent quant à la valorisation des périodes de l'enfance. L'un souligne la créativité et la singularité de l'adolescence, tandis que l'autre se refuse à établir une telle distinction. L'an…
Urban consumers’ attitudes and willingness to pay for functional foods in Iran: A case of dietary sugar
2017
Growing concerns for the incidence of incurable diseases and high costs of health care have attracted consumers to functional foods in the world. These foods are characterized with health improvement, lower risk of disease incidence and less health hazards. The present work examined consumers’ attitude and willingness to pay for dietary sugar in Rasht city, Iran. The studied sample included 125 citizens of Rasht in spring and summer of 2016 whose size was determined by Mitchell and Carson approach. Results of contingent valuation method on the basis of one-and-one-half-bound choice model revealed that the descriptive variable of bid had negative, statistically significant impact on the acce…
Actualité et nouveaux développements de la question de la reproduction des inégalités sociales par l'école
2003
In France since the seventies, as in most industrialized countries, the sociology of education has ammassed a certain amount of resultts concerning the processes that constantly create social inequalities in school. This paper presents an overall picture of the main most reliable results in this field. Firstly, we have discussed the individual mechanisms, followed by the contextual mechanisms involved in creating social inequalities, in France today. While the former actually limit possible action on the part of the school, the latter underline, on the contrary, the school's scope for action in this field.
Gouverner l'école : Une comparaison France / Etats-Unis
2007
07080; Dans la plupart des pays, ont lieu des réformes assez radicales du gouvernement de l'éducation. Ce qui caractérise la France n'est pas - loin de là - l'incapacité d'imaginer ou d'engager des réformes, mais le fait qu'elles sont justifiées par des valeurs secondaires (l'adaptation à la compétition économique, aux nouvelles populations...), et qu'elles prennent des formes technocratiques, facultatives ou incantatoires, parfois silencieuses (l'assouplissement de la carte scolaire depuis 1984), d'autres fois encore contradictoires.De ce fait, elles laissent aux traditionalistes le monopole des références à la citoyenneté et aux valeurs ultimes de l'éducation. L'éducation française est do…