Search results for "Choice"
showing 10 items of 795 documents
Comparing Traditional and IRT Scoring of Forced-Choice Tests.
2018
This article explores how traditional scores obtained from different forced-choice (FC) formats relate to their true scores and item response theory (IRT) estimates. Three FC formats are considered from a block of items, and respondents are asked to (a) pick the item that describes them most (PICK), (b) choose the two items that describe them the most and the least (MOLE), or (c) rank all the items in the order of their descriptiveness of the respondents (RANK). The multi-unidimensional pairwise-preference (MUPP) model, which is extended to more than two items per block and different FC formats, is applied to obtain the responses to each item block. Traditional and IRT (i.e., expected a po…
Mate Choice for Genetic Benefits: Time to Put the Pieces Together
2010
It is thought that mate choice allows individuals to obtain genetic benefits for their offspring, and although many studies have found some support for this hypothesis, several critical questions remain unresolved. One main problem is that empirical studies on mate choice and genetic benefits have been rather piecemeal. Some studies (1) aimed to test how mate choice affects offspring fitness, but have not examined whether the benefits are because of genetic effects. Other studies tested whether mate choice provides (2) additive or (3) non-additive genetic benefits and only a few studies (4) considered these genetic effects together. Finally, some studies (5) examined whether the potential b…
Taste for fat: the 6th taste modality
2016
IF 4.066; International audience
Tuning host specificity during the ontogeny of a fish ectoparasite: behavioural responses to host-induced cues
2003
The choice between two alternative hosts, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), and the response to visual and olfactory cues were studied in the ontogeny of Argulus coregoni. The initial preference of the smallest parasites for brighter roach changed at the age of 2 weeks, at the size of about 2 mm, for trout, a typical salmonid host. Younger argulids were attracted by a non-specific visual stimulus (white disc over dark background), and they did not respond to olfactory stimulation (fish-conditioned water). Later, the response to visual stimuli was modulated by trout-conditioned water, but not by that conditioned by roach. The primary role of vision, particularly in earl…
From equilibrium to chaos and back : methodological evaluation of research of the majority rule
2000
According to the canonical model situated at the heart of the " economic " - or, as the political scientists prefer to call it, rational-choice - theory of (democratic) politics, whenever the matter to be decided raises, or consists of, at least two distinct issues, it is generally impossible to reach a determinate decision by using the majority rule. This problem, referred to as that of disequilibrium, equilibrium instability, or even"chaos", was first underplayed and then deemed ominous to the point of seriously undermining the development prospects of the whole theory. However, more recently, the concern it was the source o f until the 1980s has given way to a state of renewed confidence…
School aspirations, cognitive skills and wage expectations of French Undergraduates
2013
en ligne : http://cemapre.iseg.utl.pt/educonf/2e3/files/submissions_to_web/Bonnard%20Claire_%20Giret%20Jean-Francois_Lambert-Le%20Mener%20Marielle.pdf; This paper aims to study the earnings expectations of first-year students at a French university and to compare them with the observed earnings of young people in the labour market for that same year. Our findings highlight the importance of the environment in which students make their choices about education. Expected earnings are proportionally higher when their parents seem to be involved in the careers guidance, even controlling for the effect of parental socio-economic status. The positive opinion of parents about the orientation or the…
Kenneth J. Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values, New Haven 1951
2008
Kenneth Arrow (geb. 1921) erhielt fur seine Beitrage zur okonomischen Theorie 1972 zusammen mit John R. Hicks den Nobelpreis fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Bis zu seiner Emeritierung lehrte er als Professor fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Stanford University. Seine Promotion „Social Choice and Individual Values“ gilt als grundlegende Arbeit der Forschung zu kollektiven Entscheidungen. Bei kollektiven Entscheidungen sind mehrere Individuen an einer gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung beteiligt. Die Entscheidungen beziehen sich auf die Auswahl einer Alternative aus einer Menge unterschiedlicher Moglichkeiten fur das Kollektiv. Dabei konnen die Beteiligten ganz unterschiedliche Interessen ve…
Instruments for Wine Promotion in Upscale Restaurants
2010
In recent years, wine marketing has assumed an increasingly important role in restaurants. The growing complexity of the supply of wines determines that consumer choice is conditioned by wine labels included in the wine list and the influence of the waiter. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize how a wine list is prepared and displayed for wine promotion by upscale restaurants, depending on the presence of wine specialists on staff. As a result, it is observed that the content and design of the wine list is largely conditioned by the presence of a sommelier, since the ways used for promoting wines in the wine lists differ across restaurants.
Factors affecting consumer preferences for “natural wine”: An exploratory study in the Italian market
2020
PurposeThe aim of this study is to understand which wine quality characteristics, consumers' attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics affect the consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for a bottle of natural wine.Design/methodology/approachThe research is experimental and investigated the purchasing intentions of 613 Italian wine consumers within a hypothetical setting. In order to elicit WTP for natural wine, a multiple price list (MPL) in a comparison with one bottle of conventional wine, with an average price of €5 was adopted. To understand which quality attributes of wine affect the consumers' WTP for natural wine, a Tobit regression model was implemented.FindingsTh…
Long Working Hours and Job Quality in Europe: Gender and Welfare State Differences
2018
Chronic extreme long working hours (LWH) have been found consistently associated with poor health status. However, the evidence for moderately LWH (41&ndash