Search results for "Cholesterol"
showing 10 items of 1211 documents
The role of fibrate treatment in dyslipidemia: an overview.
2012
Dyslipidemia, and especially atherogenic dyslipidemia, a combination of small low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased triglyceride (TG) concentrations, represents a major cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism; PPAR ligands are used to treat dyslipidemias. Fibrates have a major impact on TG metabolism as well as on modulating LDL size and subclasses. Fibrates target atherogenic dyslipidemia by increasing plasma HDL-C concentrations and decreasing small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles and TGs, thus contributin…
Constitutive androstane receptor activation stimulates faecal bile acid excretion and reverse cholesterol transport in mice.
2010
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a nuclear receptor expressed in the liver and involved in xenobiotic metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess whether pharmacological CAR activation could affect neutral sterol and bile acid elimination under conditions of cholesterol overload.Wild type, Car-/-, ApoE-/-, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-/- mice fed a western-type diet were treated with the CAR agonist TCPOBOP.CAR activation was associated with a decrease in faecal cholesterol output related to the repression of the Abcg5/g8 cholesterol transporters. In contrast, TCPOBOP treatment induced a marked increase (up to three fold, p0.01) in the elimination of faecal b…
One or two ligatures inducing periodontitis are sufficient to cause fatty liver
2017
Background Periodontitis is a chronic disease that due to an intense inflammatory response triggers systemic changes such as hepatic alterations. This study aimed to compare hepatic damage in rats that received experimental periodontitis at one or two periodontal sites with ligatures. Material and Methods Eighteen rats were separated into three groups: control, without ligature; periodontitis 1, with one ligature; and periodontitis 2, with two ligatures. The following parameters were assessed: gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, alveolar bone loss, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in periodontal tissue; histopathological evaluation of hepat…
Cholesterol as stabilizer of the oxytocin receptor
2002
AbstractThe function of the oxytocin receptor system is strongly dependent on steroids as demonstrated by several physiological studies. One key element of this dependence on steroids may be the interaction of cholesterol and the oxytocin receptor. In this study, we show that cholesterol stabilizes the solubilized human oxytocin receptor against thermal inactivation and proteolytic degradation. In the absence of additional cholesterol, the soluble receptor inactivates within minutes. Maximal stabilization of the oxytocin receptor requires a continuous supply with cholesterol from a cholesterol-rich environment. A structure–activity analysis of various cholesterol analogues and their effect …
Chronic kidney disease and dyslipidaemia
2016
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has to be considered as a high, or even very high risk cardiovascular risk condition, since it leads to an increase in cardiovascular mortality that continues to increase as the disease progresses. An early diagnosis of CKD is required, together with an adequate identification of the risk factors, in order to slow down its progression to more severe states, prevent complications, and to delay, whenever possible, the need for renal replacement therapy. Dyslipidaemia is a factor of the progression of CKD that increases the risk in developing atherosclerosis and its complications. Its proper control contributes to reducing the elevated cardiovascular morbidity and …
Cholesterol accumulation is increased in macrophages of phospholipid transfer protein-deficient mice: normalization by dietary alpha-tocopherol suppl…
2007
Objective— Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a multifunctional, extracellular lipid transport protein that plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Recent in vivo studies suggested that unlike systemic PLTP, macrophage-derived PLTP would be antiatherogenic. The present study aimed at characterizing the atheroprotective properties of macrophage-derived PLTP. Methods and Results— Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from PLTP-deficient and wild-type mice and their biochemical characteristics were compared. It is shown that macrophages isolated from PLTP-deficient mice have increased basal cholesterol content and accumulate more cholesterol in the presence of LD…
Cholesterol and ocular pathologies: focus on the role of cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase in cholesterol homeostasis
2015
The retina is responsible for coding the light stimulus into a nervous signal that is transferred to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina is formed by the association of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium that is supported by Bruch’s membrane. Both the physical and metabolic associations between these partners are crucial for the functioning of the retina, by means of nutrient intake and removal of the cell and metabolic debris from the retina. Dysequilibrium are involved in the aging processes and pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of visual loss after the age of 50 years inWestern countries. The retina is composed of severa…
Analysis of a soluble lipid-protein complex carrying endogenous 11-cis retinaldehyde from bovine retinal pigment epithelium.
1989
A soluble lipid-protein complex in bovine retinal pigment epithelium is shown to carry endogenous 11-cis retinaldehyde, in the extent of 15% of the total 11-cis retinaldehyde found in this tissue. The complex, analyzed with respect to its chemical composition, exhibits a lipid composition close resembling the lipid composition of the rod outer segment membrane; the SDS-PAGE evidences the presence of a number of protein bands, two of which of 34 and 27 kDa appear glycoproteins. Finally, the lipid-protein complex exhibits a discrete level of a Cathepsin D-like protease activity. From the above, the possibility is discussed that the soluble lipid-protein complex could represent some phagolysos…
Positive association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with lumbar and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
2021
Abstract Objective Experimental studies suggest that lipids affect bone metabolism. We aimed to elucidate whether lipid levels are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Design A cross-sectional study of participants in the Chronic Ailment Reduction after MENopause (CARMEN) cohort. Women underwent assessment of clinical and analytical parameters, including fasting lipid levels. BMD was assessed at both lumbar spine and hip. Homogeneity in the cohort was optimized by filtering out a series of confounding variables with a known impact on bone. Main outcome measures Association of BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck with lipid levels. Results A total o…
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase to prevent statin-induced myalgia and rhabdomiolysis
2015
Although statins remain the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy for reducing the burden of atherosclerotic vascular disease, their administration has been associated with muscle-related adverse effects, including myalgia and rhabdomyolysis. Such adverse events are probably due to reduced antioxidant defenses associated with fewer intermediate metabolites in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We hypothesize that the concomitant inhibition of xanthine oxidase via coadministration of allopurinol with statins could diminish reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related muscle damage, which would have in turn have positive effects on both the incidence of muscle-related adverse events and cardiovascul…