Search results for "Clade"
showing 10 items of 203 documents
Modulation of the control of mutagenic metabolites derived from cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide by stimulation of protein kinase A
1990
The phosphorylation of the 2 major phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 isoenzymes IIB1 and IIB2 was increased in intact hepatocytes by the action of the membrane-permeating cAMP derivative N6,O2'-dibutyryl-cAMP. Under these conditions cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (which are known to be activated by cytochrome P450 IIB1) were investigated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and TA100 and for cytotoxicity in TA1535. Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were transformed to mutagenic and cytotoxic metabolites by the hepatocytes. The activation of both drugs to mutagens was markedly reduced after pretreatment of the hepatocytes with the membrane-permeating cAMP derivative N6,O2'-…
Molecular barcoding for central-eastern European Crioceris leaf-beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
2011
Abstract Among Crioceris leaf-beetles, the two most widespread species (Crioceris asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata) are serious invasive plant pests, while another two (C. quatuordecimpunctata and C. quinquepunctata) are rare species restricted to steppe-like habitats in Eurasia. The aim of the research was to check the genetic distinctiveness of these four species and develop barcodes for their molecular identification using the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene and two nuclear markers: Elongation Factor 1-α (EF1-α) and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1). The identification of each species was possible and reliable with the use of COI and ITS1 markers. EF1-α was omitted in an…
The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution.
2019
19 pages; International audience; We describe the first endocast reconstruction of a hyaenodont mammal based on X‐ray microtomography. The endocast belongs to the type material of the European hyaenodont Proviverra typica. We performed phylogenetic analysis to contextualize the evolution of endocranial size and complexity in Hyaenodonta. We added several European hyaenodonts and modified several codings of the most recent character–taxon matrix established to question the relationships within Hyaenodonta. Including these new species in a phylogenetic analysis reveals a new clade: Hyaenodontoidea. Comparisons with several previously described endocasts show that there was an increase in comp…
Categorical versus geometric morphometric approaches to characterizing the evolution of morphological disparity in Osteostraci (Vertebrata, stem Gnat…
2020
Morphological variation (disparity) tends to be evaluated through two non-mutually exclusive approaches: (i) quantitatively, through geometric morphometrics, and (ii) in terms of discrete, ‘cladistic’, or categorical characters. Uncertainty over the comparability of these approaches diminishes the potential to obtain nomothetic insights into the evolution of morphological disparity, and the few benchmarking studies conducted so far show contrasting results. Here, we apply both approaches to characterising morphology in the stem-gnathostome vertebrate clade Osteostraci, in order to assess congruence between these alternative methods as well as to explore the evolutionary patterns of the grou…
Ancient or recent? Insights into the temporal evolution of the Bruniaceae
2008
AbstractThe Bruniaceae are a South African plant family endemic to the Cape Floristic Region with one geographic outlier (Raspalia trigyna) in the Natal Province. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have cast new light upon inter- and intra-generic relationships within the family. The present work uses those data to gain insights into the temporal evolution of Bruniaceae by inferring a molecular clock. For calibration, the inferred age of Berzelia cordifolia (3–5My) was used, based on its distribution restricted to the geologically young limestone area around Bredasdorp. The results are consistent with the purported Cretaceous age of the family (‘palaeoendemics’), but also suggest that m…
GET_PHYLOMARKERS, a software package to select optimal orthologous clusters for phylogenomics and inferring pan-genome phylogenies, used for a critic…
2018
22 Pags.- 3 Tabls.- 7 Figs. Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Paleohistological estimation of bone growth rate in extinct archosaurs
2012
The clade Archosauria contains two very different sister groups in terms of diversity (number of species) and disparity (phenotypic variation): Crurotarsi (taxa more closely related to crocodiles than to birds) and Ornithodira (pterosaurs and dinosaurs including birds). The extant species of Crurotarsi may constitute a biased sample of past biodiversity regarding growth patterns and metabolic rates. Bone histological characters can be conserved over hundreds of millions of years in the fossil record and potentially contain information about individual age at death, age at sexual maturity, bone growth rates, and basal metabolic rates of extinct vertebrates. Using a sample of extant amniotes,…
The comparison of beta-thymosin homologues among metazoa supports an arthropod-nematode clade.
2000
The definition of an Ecdysozoa clade among the protostomians, including all phyla with a regularly molted alpha-chitin-rich cuticle, has been one of the most provocative hypotheses to arise from recent investigations on animal phylogeny. Here we present evidence in favor of an arthropod-nematode clade, from the comparison of beta-thymosin homologues among the Metazoa. Arthropods and nematodes share the absence of the highly conserved beta-thymosin form found in all other documented bilaterian phyla as well as sponges, and the possession of a very unusual, internally triplicated homologue of the beta-thymosin protein, unknown in other phyla. We argue that such discrete molecular character is…
Revision of the taxonomic status of <i>Synthesium elongatum</i> (Ozaki, 1935) (Brachycladiidae), an intestinal digenean of narrow-ridged …
2019
Synthesium elongatum (Brachycladiidae) is an intestinal digenean described from the finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in Japan. Few records of this species exist and there is a remarkable morphological similarity between S. elongatum and S. tursionis, such that a synonymy between the species has been suggested previously. However, no morphological and/or molecular analysis has been carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of S. elongatum. In this study, we collected specimens of Synthesium sp. from N. asiaeorientalis in western Japan. The specimens possess lobed testes within the third quarter of the body, a round ovary, and vitellaria extending to level of uterine field, wh…
One is not enough: On the effects of reference genome for the mapping and subsequent analyses of short-reads.
2020
Mapping of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) reads to a single arbitrary reference genome is a frequently used approach in microbial genomics. However, the choice of a reference may represent a source of errors that may affect subsequent analyses such as the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phylogenetic inference. In this work, we evaluated the effect of reference choice on short-read sequence data from five clinically and epidemiologically relevant bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens). Publicly available whole-genome assemblies encompassing the genomic diversity of these species…