Search results for "Clearance"
showing 10 items of 116 documents
Effects of zinc acexamate on blood flow and prostanoid levels in the gastric mucosa of the rat
1989
The effects of the new antiulcer compound zinc acexamate on blood flow and prostanoid levels in the gastric mucosa have been studied. Zinc acexamate (30 and 300 mg/kg) dose-dependently prevents the reduction induced by the perfusion of noradrenaline (3.5 micrograms/kg.min, 30 min) in gastric mucosal blood flow, as measured by 3H-aniline clearance. Zinc acexamate pretreatment also increases the levels of prostaglandin E2 in the gastric mucosa of the rat, both under control conditions and after infusion with noradrenaline. The levels of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin were not modified by zinc acexamate. These results confirm the importance of microcirculation in pathogenesis and the idea tha…
Disposition of acamprosate in the rat: Influence of probenecid
2002
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the disposition of acamprosate (calcium bis acetyl-homotaurine) in the rat. Initially, we studied the linearity of acamprosate disposition and the fraction of acamprosate excreted unchanged in the urine of the animals. Rats received 9.3, 36.6 or 73.3 mg/kg of the drug as an intravenous bolus. The statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters did not reveal any significant difference, indicating that acamprosate disposition was linear within the range of the doses assayed. On average, 95% of the administered dose was excreted unchanged in the urine of the animals in the 0-6 h post-administration period indicating that renal excreti…
Nonlinearities in amoxycillin pharmacokinetics. I. Disposition studies in the rat.
1992
Several features of amoxycillin pharmacokinetics in man are not well known in spite of the extensive clinical use of the antibiotic. In this paper it is demonstrated that amoxycillin disposition kinetics in rats is clearly nonlinear, and that this may be due mainly to its elimination mechanisms. At different intravenous bolus dose levels, and in steady-state perfusion studies, the most striking feature is an increased renal clearance as dose increases (from 3.5 to 7.0 mg kg-1 for intravenous bolus, and from 4.6 to 20.0 micrograms min-1 for intravenous perfusions). This phenomenon has been attributed to a saturation of the active renal tubular reabsorption of the antibiotic. When the intrave…
Variability in protein binding of teicoplanin and achievement of therapeutic drug monitoring targets in critically ill patients: Lessons from the DAL…
2014
The aims of this study were to describe the variability in protein binding of teicoplanin in critically ill patients as well as the number of patients achieving therapeutic target concentrations. This report is part of the multinational pharmacokinetic DALI Study. Patients were sampled on a single day, with blood samples taken both at the midpoint and the end of the dosing interval. Total and unbound teicoplanin concentrations were assayed using validated chromatographic methods. The lower therapeutic range of teicoplanin was defined as total trough concentrations from 10 to 20 mg/L and the higher range as 10-30 mg/L. Thirteen critically ill patients were available for analysis. The followi…
Regional blood flow in deep structures of the brain measured in acute cat experiments by means of a new beta-sensitive semiconductor needle detector.
1967
Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by means of isotope clearance with a new type of solid state beta-sensitive needle detector (diameter 0.9 mm) introduced into the brain tissue in acute cat experiments. The flow values obtained within the cortex were compared with values recorded above the same cortical region with the same needle detector, or with a small GM-tube. The insertion of the needle detector into the brain tissue gave rise to injury (checked histologically) which deformed the clearance curves in a manner suggesting that the normal circulation had been destroyed within the tissue from which the measurements were made.
Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters: Towards an Optimal Biocompatible System from a Theoretical-Experimental Strategy.
2021
Potential biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles have increasingly been reported with great promise for diagnosis and therapy of several diseases. However, for such a versatile nanomaterial, the advantages and potential health risks need to be addressed carefully, as the available information about their toxicity is limited and inconsistent. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have emerged to overcome this challenge due to their unique features, such as superior stability, excellent biocompatibility, and efficient renal clearance. Remarkably, the elucidation of their structural and physicochemical properties provided by theory-experiment investigations offers exciting opport…
The carrying capacity for Mediterranean bivalve suspension feeders: evidence from analysis of food availability and hydrodynamics and their integrati…
2004
Abstract In order to assess the carrying capacity of two Mediterranean areas, the Incze et al. model and its modification were applied. Our measures were carried out in the Gulf of Gaeta (Central MED), where mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) are intensively cultivated (production of approximately 200 t per year) and the Gulf of Castellammare (Southern MED), where bivalve culture is not widely practised. Velocities of water current and in field filtration rates were measured in each area. Total suspended matter (TSM), suspended chlorophyll-a (CHLa), lipid, protein and carbohydrate concentrations in the particulate were measured seasonally and used as tools to evaluate the trophic status …
Fluconazole concentrations in pulmonary tissue and pericardial fluid
1997
In order to investigate the clinical efficacy of the triazole antifungal agent fluconazole (FCA) in the treatment of pulmonary mycosis, in the present study the concentrations of fluconazole in human pulmonary tissue, pericardial fluid and serum were determined at 1, 2, 12 and 13 h after intravenous administration of fluconazole 200 mg. The mean FCA concentrations in the serum were 4.04 mg/l (1 h), 3.82 mg/l (2 h), 2.35 mg/l (12 h) and 2.13 mg/l (13 h). The respective FCA levels in the pulmonary tissue were 4.64 mg/kg, 4.54 mg/kg; 3.50 mg/kg and 3.40 mg/kg and the concentrations in the pericardial fluid were 3.86 mg/l, 3.57 mg/l, 2.35 mg/l and 2.13 mg/l. The FCA concentrations in the pulmon…
Residual risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after HCV eradication: more than meets the eye.
2015
ABSTRACT Eradication of HCV in patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis reduces, but does not altogether abolish, the risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The reasons underlying this residual risk remain elusive. Even if HCV clearance eliminates its direct and indirect carcinogenic effects, the persistence of cirrhosis and the possible coexistence of metabolic factors (diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance) and of alcohol abuse can promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma acting as autonomous, nonviral carcinogenic factors. Lessons learned in the IFN era may still assist in predicting the forthcoming scenario, when IFN-free regimens will obtain high rat…
Prevalence and severity of anaemia in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and different degrees of chronic renal insufficiency.
2007
<i>Background/Aim:</i> Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the single most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however its real impact on renal anaemia has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether onset, severity, and prevalence of anaemia during the course of CKD is different between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. <i>Methods:</i> We enrolled 281 patients with: (1) type 2 diabetes and no CKD (n = 75); (2) type 2 diabetes plus CKD (n = 106), and (3) CKD without type 2 diabetes (n = 100). According to K/DOQI guidelines, the patients with renal insufficiency (i.e., those with a glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min) were subgr…