Search results for "Climate"

Holocene fire activity during low-natural flammability periods reveals scale-dependent cultural human-fire relationships in Europe

2018

Abstract Fire is a natural component of global biogeochemical cycles and closely related to changes in human land use. Whereas climate-fuel relationships seem to drive both global and subcontinental fire regimes, human-induced fires are prominent mainly on a local scale. Furthermore, the basic assumption that relates humans and fire regimes in terms of population densities, suggesting that few human-induced fires should occur in periods and areas of low population density, is currently debated. Here, we analyze human-fire relationships throughout the Holocene and discuss how and to what extent human-driven fires affected the landscape transformation in the Central European Lowlands (CEL). W…

Ultrafiltration as a Means to Investigate Copper Resistance Mechanisms in Soil Bacteria

1999

Copper is a trace element of major concern for agricultural soils. It exhibits a high toxicity against microorganisms and is widely introduced into soils as a component of pesticide treatments or urban wastes such as sewage sludges or refuse composts. In most French vineyards, “Bordeaux mixture” (copper sulfate) has been applied for more than a century, sometimes leading to copper concentrations in soils much higher than the threshold values (100 mg kg−1 in France). Microorganisms exposed to high concentrations of copper or other trace elements are known to develop resistance mechanisms and represent a suitable material for the study of such processes, both at a physiological and molecular …

Neolithic Human Societies and Woodlands in the North-Western Mediterranean Region: Wood and Charcoal Analysis

2017

An overview of woodland history in the north-western Mediterranean region, based on charcoal analysis (Anthracology) from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites, is proposed for the Mediterranean areas of France, Spain and Portugal. The taxonomic identification of charcoal fragments and the diachronic variations of taxa frequencies provide, for each settlement, an accurate image of the local vegetal cover. During the end of the last glaciation, beginning of the Holocene, vegetation dynamics reflects the evolution of climatic and geographic conditions. Any potential ecological impact by hunter-fisher-gatherer communities (Mesolithic) remains invisible; the same comment applies to the farming-herding…

Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment usi…

2019

[EN] In many Mediterranean areas, citrus orchards exhibit high soil loss rates because of the expansion of drip irrigation that allows cultivation on sloping terrain and the widespread use of glyphosate. To mitigate these non-sustainable soil losses, straw mulch could be applied as an efficient solution but this has been poorly studied. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to assess the use of straw mulch as a tool to reduce soil losses in clementine plantations, which can be considered representative of a typical Mediterranean citrus orchard. A total of 40 rainfall simulation experiments were carried out on 20 pairs of neighbouring bare and mulched plots. Each experiment involved app…

The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants

2018

Background: The urban exposome is the set of environmental factors that are experienced in the outdoor urban environment and that may influence child development. Objective: The authors’ goal was to describe the urban exposome among European pregnant women and understand its socioeconomic determinants. Methods: Using geographic information systems, remote sensing and spatio-temporal modeling we estimated exposure during pregnancy to 28 environmental indicators in almost 30,000 women from six population-based birth cohorts, in nine urban areas from across Europe. Exposures included meteorological factors, air pollutants, traffic noise, traffic indicators, natural space, the built environment…

CELL, an agent based model for exploring spatial heterogenity influence of climat change on Lobesia botrana development.

2016

International audience

Analyse spatiale de l’évolution du risque de gel sur la vigne en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

2019

The warming undergone by the global climate does not necessarily entail a decrease in frost risk in agriculture/viticulture. Since both plant and climate are likely to evolve under changing environmental conditions, plant vulnerability and the meteorological phenomenon (frost) should be considered jointly when assessing the evolution of frost risk. This study aims at documenting the spatial and temporal frost risk changes in the winegrowing subregions of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The period between budburst and the last spring frost occurrence date has been considered as the most vulnerable for grapevines. We considered a plant as being stressed by a frost event when the temperature drops be…

Assessment of future climatic conditions in French vineyards. Consequences for defining adaptation strategies.

2016

International audience

Editorial Highlight. Discover Cambridge. Will frost-resistant weeds benefit from climate change ? About The paper ‘Relative success of frost-resistan…

2021

Impact du changement climatique sur l’évolution de la ressource en eau en Bourgogne, France (1980-2100) - Analyse des paramètres hydroclimatiques sim…

2014

Impact of climate change on water resource evolution in Burgundy, France (1980-2011) – Analysis of hydro-climatic parameters simulated at high resolution by a regional climate model (WRF) The regional climatic model ARW / WRF is used to make a dynamic downscaling of climate (driven by ERA-Interim) at a high spatial resolution (3 km2) over Burgundy, at daily time scale over the period 1980-2011. Climatic simulations were analyzed and compared with meteorological data, in order to validate them with the aim of their use by hydro(geo)logic models. The hydro-climatic parameters necessary as climatic inputs of these models, in particular precipitation and evapotranspiration, reproduce correctly …