Search results for "Climatic data"
showing 10 items of 13 documents
Identification of Tropical‐Extratropical Interactions and Extreme Precipitation Events in the Middle East Based On Potential Vorticity and Moisture T…
2018
The authors wish to thank CRED, ECMWF, NASA, JAXA, and APHRODITE for providing their data sets, which are available under the following links; EM-DAT (http://www.emdat.be/), ERA-Interim (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-interim), TRMM (https://pmm.nasa.gov/data-access/downloads/trmm), and Aphrodite (http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/precip/english/). We acknowledge the Israeli Atmospheric and Climatic Data Centre (IACDC), supported by the Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space, for providing the Israel Meteorological Service (IMS) daily rainfall records as well as the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for providing …
Improvement of Temperature Based ANN Models for ETo Prediction in Coastal Locations by Means of Preliminary Models and Exogenous Data
2008
This paper reports the application of artificial neural networks for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) as a function of local maximum and minimum air temperatures and exogenous relative humidity and evapotranspiration in twelve coastal locations of the autonomous Valencia region, Spain. The Penman-Monteith model for ETo prediction, as been proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as the standard method for ETo forecast, has been used to provide the ANN targets. The number of stations where reliable climatic data are available for the application of the Penman-Monteith equation is limited. Thus, the development of more precise predicting tools…
Mapping Actual Evapotranspiration by Combining Landsat TM and NOAA-AVHRR Images: Application to the Barrax Area, Albacete, Spain
1998
Abstract A method that permits determination of actual evapotranspiration, ET, in heterogeneous areas has been proposed. It is based on the relation ET = ET m − B ( T s − T sm ), which combines meteorological, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR), and Landsat thematic mapper (TM) data. Thus, the maximum evapotranspiration for each crop, ETm, is obtained from in situ measurements carried out in a meteorological station; the temperature difference between each pixel and the pixel that has the maximum evapotranspiration, Ts−Tsm, is calculated for each crop from NOAA-AVHRR data; and the crop distribution in the area is known throu…
Reduced weather data for building climatization and application to 29 European locations
1995
Abstract A method for setting up a reference year of reduced temperature data, proposed by Klein and Erbs, has been applied by us to 29 European locations for which an official test-reference year is available. This reference year of reduced temperatures may be utilized in computer programs for analysis of the thermal behaviour of buildings. The effectiveness of the method has been tested by calculating the annual energy demand in 29 European locations for three modules with different thermophysical characteristics.
The importance of reliable climatic data in the energy evaluation
2012
Abstract In the last few years, more and more attention has been focused on energy issues, as it is pointed out, for example, by the Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Performance of Buildings and Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. However, in order to do that, reliable tools for technicians to design systems for such topics should be provided. Nowadays, several software are available; the weak point is the availability of reliable climatic data and, above all, the ones referring to solar radiation. In this work, after a short overview of the world climatic databases, a description of three statistical methods for the elaboration of a climatic…
THE “ZISA” IN PALERMO: BIOCLIMATIC ASPECTS OF ITS ARCHITECTURE
2010
In the present work is examined, as an ante-litteram example of summer residence and bioclimatic archi-tecture, the ancient castle of the Zisa (from the Arabic 'al-aziz = noble, shining, glorious), meaningful work of Arab-Islamic character built up at the beginnings of the XII century (fig. 1). The building holds a notable importance as it is one of the few examples of Norman civil architecture with elements of Arab-Islamic character and Byzantian culture, but also because it had been conceived according to the most re-fined Islamic techniques of free cooling. The building (fig. 1) presents itself like a massive rectangular construction developed on three levels. On the architectural plan t…
Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis i…
2014
Large areas of the province of Punjab, Pakistan are endemic for fascioliasis, resulting in high economic losses due to livestock infection but also affecting humans directly. The prevalence in livestock varies pronouncedly in space and time (1-70%). Climatic factors influencing fascioliasis presence and potential spread were analysed based on data from five mete- orological stations during 1990-2010. Variables such as wet days (Mt), water-budget-based system (Wb-bs) indices and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were obtained and correlated with geographical distribution, seasonality patterns and the two-decade evolution of fascioliasis in livestock throughout the province. …
Annual flow duration curves assessment in ephemeral small basins
2014
Flow duration curve (FDC) represents a comprehensive signature of temporal runoff variability often used to synthesize catchment rainfall-runoff responses. A new model, the ModABa (MODel for Annual flow duration curves assessment in ephemeral small BAsins), is here introduced. It can be thought as a wide mosaic whose tesserae are frameworks, models or conceptual schemes separately developed in different studies and harmoniously interconnected with the final aim of reproducing the annual FDC in intermittent small catchments. Two separated seasons within the hydrological year are distinguished: a dry season, characterized by absence of streamflow, and a non-zero season. Streamflow is disaggre…
Simplified thermal analysis of naturally ventilated dwellings
1991
Abstract A simplified comprehensive methodology for thermal comfort prediction in a naturally crossventilated room is described. The methodology mainly consists of the following three steps: • - analysis of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the given room, by means of the admittance procedure; • - evaluation of the air flows rates and their velocities in the room, by means of a new simplified method; • - thermal comfort prediction by means of the Fanger's theory. The results obtained appear satisfactory and the simplified methodology makes itself a useful tool for the identification of appropriate choices at the early stages of the design process, regarding naturally ventilated buildings. Th…
The importance of reliable climatic data in the urban energy policy
2011
In the last years, more and more attention has been focused on energy issues, in particular at urban level, as it is pointed out by the Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Performance of Buildings. In fact, the building sector encompasses nearly 30% of the energy whole consumptions. To try to limit such consumptions, both central and local governments should plan effective policies, such as promoting the use of renewable sources and of more energy efficient buildings (e.g. by means of green coverings). But in order to do that, local administrations should provide reliable tools for engineers and technicians to plan such systems. Nowadays, several software are available; the weak point is the…