Search results for "Clinical diagnosi"
showing 10 items of 60 documents
Requirement analysis for an artificial intelligence model for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 from chest X-ray data
2021
There are multiple papers published about different AI models for the COVID-19 diagnosis with promising results. Unfortunately according to the reviews many of the papers do not reach the level of sophistication needed for a clinically usable model. In this paper I go through multiple review papers, guidelines, and other relevant material in order to generate more comprehensive requirements for the future papers proposing a AI based diagnosis of the COVID-19 from chest X-ray data (CXR). Main findings are that a clinically usable AI needs to have an extremely good documentation, comprehensive statistical analysis of the possible biases and performance, and an explainability module.
Colourimetric image analysis as a diagnostic tool in female genital schistosomiasis
2015
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a highly prevalent waterborne disease in some of the poorest areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Reliable and affordable diagnostics are unavailable. We explored colourimetric image analysis to identify the characteristic, yellow lesions caused by FGS. We found that the method may yield a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 73% in colposcopic images. The accuracy was also explored in images of simulated inferior quality, to assess the possibility of implementing such a method in simple, electronic devices. This represents the first step towards developing a safe and affordable aid in clinical diagnosis, allowing for a point-of-care approach.
ESTUDIO SOBRE EL LENGUAJE Y LAS FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS DE UN CASO DE SÍNDROME DE X-FRÁGIL
2014
Abstract:STUDY ON LANGUAGE AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS OF A CASE OF FRAGILE X SYNDROMEThe main objective of this study is to compare a subject with a clinical diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome with other disorders (ADHD, Mental Retardation and ASD) in executive functioning and language. The language variables analyzed are lexical knowledge, lexical access, free induced verbal fluency, comprehension instruction and verbal reasoning. On the other hand, the executive functioning variables evaluated are visual and auditory memory, visual and auditory attention, and visual and auditory planning and inhibition. After evaluation, it is checked that Fragile X Syndrome resembles to Mental Retardation and …
Das Kagami-Ogata-Syndrom: Eine Rippenanomalie als pathognomonisches Korrelat für die klinische Diagnose eines (epi)genetischen Syndroms
2019
ZusammenfassungInnerhalb von 4 Jahren (2014–2017) haben wir 2 Neugeborene mit der genetisch gesicherten Diagnose eines Kagami-Ogata-Syndroms (OMIM #608149) betreut. Pränatal fielen bei beiden Föten ein Polyhydramnion und in einem Fall eine Hepatomegalie auf. Beide Patienten litten postnatal unter einer respiratorischen Insuffizienz und wiesen mit einer Muskelhypotonie, einem vorspringenden Philtrum, vollen Wangen sowie einer breiten Nasenwurzel die typischen phänotypischen Merkmale dieses Imprinting-Defekts auf. Wegweisend für die Diagnosestellung waren die kleiderbügelförmigen Rippen („coat-hanger ribs“) und der glockenförmige Thorax (bell-shaped thorax) im Röntgenbild. Das Kagami-Ogata-Sy…
Why do we need training? - A “Training school on molecular methods used for foodborne parasite diagnostics in different matrices” is a example of kno…
2020
Foodborne parasites with zoonotic potential are of particular concern for human health, being responsible for serious and potentially life threatening diseases. In the last decades, the development of molecular biology techniques have been successfully implemented for clinical diagnosis of FBPs in animal or human samples providing cheaper, less labor intensive, reliable and more sensitive tests. It is apparent from recent publications that unsubstantiated molecular methods for parasite detection that have undergone scant evaluation for sensitivity and specificity are becoming increasingly common. The aim of the organized Training Schools was to transfer knowledge on application, optimizatio…
A lab in the field: applications of real-time, in situ metagenomic sequencing
2020
High-throughput metagenomic sequencing is considered one of the main technologies fostering the development of microbial ecology. Widely used second-generation sequencers have enabled the analysis of extremely diverse microbial communities, the discovery of novel gene functions, and the comprehension of the metabolic interconnections established among microbial consortia. However, the high cost of the sequencers and the complexity of library preparation and sequencing protocols still hamper the application of metagenomic sequencing in a vast range of real-life applications. In this context, the emergence of portable, third-generation sequencers is becoming a popular alternative for the rapi…
Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) among the Italian Dementia Centers: a study by the Italian DLB study group (DLB…
2022
Introduction: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) may represent a diagnostic challenge, since its clinical picture overlaps with other dementia. Two toolkits have been developed to aid the clinician to diagnose DLB: the Lewy Body Composite Risk Score (LBCRS) and the Assessment Toolkit for DLB (AT-DLB). We aim to evaluate the reliability of these two questionnaires, and their ability to enhance the interpretation of the international consensus diagnostic criteria. Methods: LBCRS and AT-DLB were distributed to 135 Italian Neurological Centers for Cognitive Decline and Dementia (CDCDs), with the indication to administer them to all patients with dementia referred within the subsequent 3 months. We…
Probabilistic and fuzzy logic in clinical diagnosis
2007
In this study I have compared classic and fuzzy logic and their usefulness in clinical diagnosis. The theory of probability is often considered a device to protect the classical two-valued logic from the evidence of its inadequacy to understand and show the complexity of world [1]. This can be true, but it is not possible to discard the theory of probability. I will argue that the problems and the application fields of the theory of probability are very different from those of fuzzy logic. After the introduction on the theoretical bases of fuzzy approach to logic, I have reported some diagnostic argumentations employing fuzzy logic. The state of normality and the state of disease often figh…
Nonendodontic periapical lesions: a retrospective descriptive study in a Brazilian population
2021
Background Several nonendodontic diseases can occur in the periapical region, resembling endodontic inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of nonendodontic periapical lesions diagnosed in a Brazilian population. Material and Methods The files of two Oral Pathology laboratories were reviewed and all cases including at least one clinical diagnosis of endodontic periapical lesions were selected for the study. After initial selection, demographic and clinical data, clinical diagnosis and final diagnosis were reviewed and tabulated. Final diagnosis included endodontic periapical lesions, and benign and malignant nonendodontic periapical le…
Complexity of the Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies
2015
Early-onset hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies are rare diseases representing a broad clinical and genetic spectrum. Without a notable familial history, the clinical diagnosis is complicated because acquired causes of peripheral neuropathy, such as inflammatory neuropathies, neuropathies with toxic causes, and nutritional deficiencies, must be considered. We examined the clinical, electrophysiological, and pathologic manifestations of a boy with an initial diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The progression of the disease despite treatment led to a suspicion of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Genetic testing revealed the presence of the MPZ p.D90…