Search results for "Coco"
showing 10 items of 402 documents
Expressional down-regulation of neuronal-type nitric oxide synthase I by glucocorticoids in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.
1998
Neuronal-type nitric oxide synthase (NOS I) is involved in ischemia-induced brain damage, and glucocorticoids have been reported to protect from brain damage. This prompted us to investigate if the activity or expression of NOS I was influenced by glucocorticoids. We used the murine neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115 as our experimental model. Short-term incubation (30 min) of the N1E-115 cells with dexamethasone (10 nM to 1 microM) or hydrocortisone (100 nM to 10 microM) did not change the enzymatic activity of NOS I. However, the glucocorticoids inhibited NOS I mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent fashion (down to 53.3 +/- 2. 5% of control). In time-course experiments with 100 nM dex…
Diabetes mellitus secondary to Cushing's disease
2018
Associated with important comorbidities that significantly reduce patients’ overall wellbeing and life expectancy, Cushing’s disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous hypercortisolism. Glucocorticoid excess can lead to diabetes, and although its prevalence is probably underestimated, up to 50% of patients with CD have varying degrees of altered glucose metabolism. Fasting glycemia may nevertheless be normal in some patients in whom glucocorticoid excess leads primarily to higher postprandial glucose levels. An oral glucose tolerance test should thus be performed in all CD patients to identify glucose metabolism abnormalities. Since diabetes mellitus (DM) is a consequence of cortis…
Mycophenolate mofetil and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus.
2014
What is known and objective: Pemphigus is a severe, potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease. The use of corticosteroids has dramatically improved the prognosis and changed its course. However, current morbidity of pemphigus is largely iatrogenic, caused by side effects of the long-term, high-dose corticosteroid therapy that is necessary to sustain disease control. In order to minimize side effects, a range of corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents have been introduced, including mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS). A systematic review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of MMF and EC-MPS in the treatment of pemphig…
Steroid-resistant eosinophilic fasciitis successfully treated with addition of extracorporeal photopheresis.
2019
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is an uncommon fibrosing disease of the fascia with characteristic cutaneous and hematologic manifestations. Although EF is most commonly treated with corticosteroids at the beginning, a considerable number of patients show an inadequate response and hence various therapeutic strategies have been tried, including extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with steroid-resistant EF that improved significantly after ECP was added to her treatment regimen. To date, only six cases of this therapeutic strategy have been reported in English literature.
Effects of Fasting and Glucose Load on Free Cortisol Responses to Stress and Nicotine1
1997
The availability of energy appears to exert important regulatory functions in pituitary-adrenal stress responses. In two studies, the effects of short-term fasting and subsequent glucose administration on the free cortisol response to psychological stress and nicotine consumption were investigated. Study 1: After fasting for 8-11 h, healthy young men ingested either 100 g glucose (n = 13) or water (n = 12). One hour later they were exposed to a psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). A third group also ingested 100 g glucose, but they were not exposed to any additional treatment (n = 10). Capillary blood glucose levels were in the lower euglycemic range before and significantly…
Dexamethasone prevents hearing loss by restoring glucocorticoid receptor expression in the guinea pig cochlea
2015
Objectives/Hypothesis Dexamethasone is widely used in the treatment of various inner ear diseases. However, knowledge about its direct impact on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is still limited. Study Design Prospective animal study in male guinea pigs. Methods A therapeutic concentration of dexamethasone (8mg/mL) or a physiological concentration of NaCl (0.9% solution) were intratympanically injected into the ears of guinea pigs (n = 10 in each case) 14 hours prior to 90 dB noise exposure (1 hour). Eighteen ears were exposed to noise only. Seven untreated ears were used as controls. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded prior to noise exposure or treatment and 2 hours thereaft…
Towards the tailoring of glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency: the Italian Society of Endocrinology Expert Opinion.
2020
Context: Glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) is life saving. After over 50 years of conventional GC treatment, novel formulations are now entering routine clinical practice. Methods: Given the spectrum of medications currently available and new insights into the understanding of AI, the authors reviewed relevant medical literature with emphasis on original studies, prospective observational data and randomized controlled trials performed in the past 35 years. The Expert Opinion of a panel of selected endocrinologists was sought to answer specific clinical questions. The objective was to provide an evidence-supported guide, for the use of GC in…
Differential expression of two glucocorticoid receptors in seabass (teleost fish) head kidney after exogeneous cortisol inoculation
2009
Stressful conditions include a prompt release of corticosteroid hormones which can mediate gene expression through glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Since two seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) GRs have been cloned and sequenced from peritoneal cavity cells (DlGR1) and liver (DlGR2), a comparative amino acid sequence analysis that included Haplochromis burtoni HbGRs, was carried out and homologies disclosed. The DlGR1 and DlGR2 deduced aminoacid sequences showed 61% identity (I) and 70% similarity (S). Moreover, DlGR2 was similar to HbGR2b (69% I, 73% S), and the DlGR1 to HbGR1 (72% I, 78% S). In addition, we examined the expression of the DlGRs after exogeneous cortisol inoculation into the perit…
Complex regional pain syndrome: An optimistic perspective.
2014
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) presents with clinical symptoms that can no longer be explained by the initial trauma, including pain, sensory, motor, and trophic symptoms, and impairment of autonomic control of the limb. These symptoms spread distally and go beyond single nerve innervation territories. Typically, the symptoms change through the course of CRPS as a result of the varying pathophysiology. Diagnosis is made clinically after the rigorous elimination of other possible causes, and 3-phase bone scintigraphy can be a useful tool for confirming CRPS. In acute stages, inflammatory symptoms prevail and should be treated with anti-inflammatory agents (steroids), bisphosphonates, …
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition improves corticosteroid insensitivity in pulmonary endothelial cells under oxidative stress.
2012
Several clinical studies have shown that smoking in asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is closely associated with corticosteroid refractoriness. In this work, we have analyzed glucocorticoid insensitivity in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure as well as the possible additive effects of the combination therapy with a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor. Interleukin (IL)-8 was measured in cell supernatants by ELISA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetylase (HAT), and intracellular cAMP levels were measured by colorimetric assays and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. PDE4 isotypes and glucocorticoid rec…