Search results for "Coenzymes"

showing 10 items of 101 documents

Evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with polyneuropathy

1997

The difference between the median nerve latency to the second lumbrical muscle and the ulnar nerve latency to the second interosseous muscle (L-I DIFF) was tested in a prospective study to discriminate whether prolonged distal motor latency of the median nerve in patients with polyneuropathy (PNP) reflects an additional carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We investigated 92 patients (107 hands) with CTS, 30 patients (34 hands) with PNP, 22 patients (27 hands) with CTS and coexisting PNP (PNP+CTS), and 77 controls (87 hands). L-I DIFF was significantly prolonged in both the CTS and PNP+CTS patients as compared to PNP patients and controls. It proved to be the most specific test to differentiate be…

Adultinorganic chemicalsmedicine.medical_specialtyPhysiologyNeural ConductionNerve conduction velocityCellular and Molecular NeurosciencePhysiology (medical)medicineHumansheterocyclic compoundsIn patientNeurons AfferentProspective cohort studyUlnar nerveCarpal tunnel syndromeUlnar NerveAgedMotor Neuronsmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseCarpal Tunnel SyndromeMedian nerveMedian Nervenervous system diseasesSurgeryenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)Evaluation Studies as TopicNerve conduction studyNeurology (clinical)businessPolyneuropathyDemyelinating DiseasesMuscle & Nerve
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Adrenergic activation of phospholipase D in primary rat astrocytes.

1996

Phospholipase D (PLD) activity was investigated in astrocytes prepared from newborn rat cerebral cortex using the transphosphatidylation assay. Basal PLD activity was measurable and was found to be enhanced by ATP, carbachol and noradrenaline. The activation by noradrenaline (EC50, 0.68 microM) was mimicked by methoxamine (EC50, 65 microM), an alpha 1-specific adrenergic agonist, and was inhibited by prazosine, an alpha 1-specific adrenergic antagonist. Clonidin, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, slightly lowered PLD activity whereas beta-adrenergic drugs were without effect. Experiments with mitogens indicate that PLD activation in astrocytes may be involved in the control of astrocytic cell …

Agonistmedicine.medical_specialtyCarbacholmedicine.drug_classAdrenergicBiologyMethoxamineMethoxamineNorepinephrineInternal medicinemedicineAdrenergic antagonistPhospholipase DAnimalsAdrenergic agonistCells CulturedDose-Response Relationship DrugPhospholipase DGeneral NeuroscienceRatsenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)Endocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structureAstrocytesNeuroglialipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.drugNeuroscience letters
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Kinetics of gamma-H2AX focus formation upon treatment of cells with UV light and alkylating agents.

2008

Histone H2AX is rapidly phosphorylated in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Here we show that DNA damage induced by alkylating agents [methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)] and ultraviolet light (UV-C) leads to a dose and time dependent accumulation of phosphorylated H2AX (gamma-H2AX). Time course experiments revealed that the number of gamma-H2AX foci reached peak levels 8 hr after MMS or MNNG treatment and declined to almost control values within 24 hr after exposure. Upon UV-C treatment, a biphasic response was observed with a maximum 12 hr after treatment. In 43-3B cells deficient in nucleotide excisi…

Alkylating AgentsMethylnitronitrosoguanidineTime FactorsDNA RepairEpidemiologyDNA damageMethylnitronitrosoguanidineDNA repairUltraviolet RayscellsHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisFluorescent Antibody TechniqueCHO CellsBiologyenvironment and public healthHistoneschemistry.chemical_compoundCricetulusCricetinaeUltraviolet lightAnimalsPhosphorylationGenetics (clinical)DNA replicationMethyl MethanesulfonateMolecular biologyMethyl methanesulfonateenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)KineticschemistryBiochemistrybiological phenomena cell phenomena and immunityDNANucleotide excision repairDNA DamageEnvironmental and molecular mutagenesis
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Electrochemical synthesis of coenzymes Qn by oxidation of tetramethoxy precursors

2009

The electrochemical oxidation of tetramethoxy precursors (2) to coenzymes Q (n) (1) at a carbon anode was investigated both in a bench-scale batch electrochemical reactor and in a continuous recirculation reaction system equipped with a parallel-plate electrochemical divided cell. High faradic efficiency (> 60%) and excellent selectivity (> 90%) in coenzymes Q (n) were obtained in CH3CN or CH3CN/CH2Cl2 + 0.15 M Bu4NBF4 under potentiostatic or amperostatic alimentation.

Anodic oxidationUbiquinonesSettore ING-IND/27 - Chimica Industriale E TecnologicaElectrosynthesiCoenzymes Qn
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Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Hemocyanin of the Giant African Millipede Archispirostreptus gigas

2013

SummaryIn contrast to other terrestrial arthropods where gaseous O2 that fuels aerobic metabolism diffuses to the tissues in tracheal tubes, and most other metazoans where O2 is transported to tissues by circulating respiratory proteins, the myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) strikingly have tracheal systems as well as circulating hemocyanin (Hc). In order to elucidate the evolutionary origin and biological significance of millipede Hc we report the molecular structure (subunit composition and amino acid sequence) of multimeric (36-mer) Hc from the forest-floor dwelling giant African millipede Archispirostreptus gigas and its allosteric oxygen binding properties under various physico-che…

Archispirostreptus gigasGlycosylationPhysiologymedicine.medical_treatmentProtein subunitAllosteric regulationMolecular Sequence DataCoenzymesBohr effectCooperativityAquatic ScienceBiologyModels Biologicalchemistry.chemical_compoundAllosteric RegulationmedicineAnimalsBody SizeMolecular BiologyPeptide sequenceArthropodsEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsPhylogenyHemocyaninBayes TheoremHydrogen-Ion Concentrationbiology.organism_classificationOxygenchemistryBiochemistryInsect ScienceAfricaHemocyaninsAnimal Science and ZoologyCalciumElectrophoresis Polyacrylamide GelProtein Binding
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Pharmacological blockade of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) alters neural proliferation, apoptosis and gliosis in the rat hippocampus, hypothal…

2015

Endocannabinoids participate in the control of neurogenesis, neural cell death and gliosis. The pharmacological effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which limits the endocannabinoid degradation, was investigated in the present study. Cell proliferation (phospho-H3(+) or BrdU(+) cells) of the main adult neurogenic zones as well as apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3(+)), astroglia (GFAP(+)), and microglia (Iba1(+) cells) were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of rats intraperitoneally treated with URB597 (0.3 mg/kg/day) at one dose/4-days resting or 5 doses (1 dose/day). Repeated URB597 treatment increased the plasma levels of the N-acylethanolamine…

AstrocitosNeurobiologia del desenvolupamentAmidohidrolasasCannabinoid receptorCarbamatos:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins::Caspases [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Differentiation::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_treatment:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Monosaccharides::Hexoses::Glucose [Medical Subject Headings]Apoptosis:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compound:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Fatty acid amide hydrolaseReceptor cannabinoide CB1:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]FAAHGliosishealth care economics and organizations:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides::Triglycerides [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research0303 health sciencesNeurogenesisBenzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Polycyclic Compounds::Steroids::Cholestanes::Cholestenes::Cholesterol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid systemEtanolaminas3. Good healthEndocannabinoides:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesMicroglíalipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.symptomColesterol:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]psychological phenomena and processesProliferación celularmedicine.medical_specialtyCerebroNeurogenesiseducationBiologyBromodesoxiuridina:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neuroglia::Microglia [Medical Subject Headings]Triglicéridoslcsh:RC321-571Ácidos oléicosRatas03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceInternal medicineHipocampomedicineCaspasa 3:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Growth Processes::Cell Proliferation [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyPalmitoylethanolamide:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Amidohydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]Cannabinoids:Anatomy::Cells::Neuroglia::Astrocytes [Medical Subject Headings]Peso corporalEnergy metabolism:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]URB597:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Gliosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]Muerte celular:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::Apoptosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]EndocrinologyURB597chemistryGliosisnervous systemGlucosaCannabinoidEnergy Metabolism:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]HipotálamoÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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The role of Aurora-A inhibitors in cancer therapy

2007

Recently, new chemotherapy agents which target the non-structural components of mitosis have been developed. An important protein involved in several mitotic phases is the Aurora-A protein. By means of the phosphorylation of different substrates, Aurora-A regulates the correct development of the various phases of mitosis. The kinase activity of this protein makes Aurora-A an excellent candidate as an oncogene. The first data of Aurora-A involvement in cancer regarded the identification of Aurora-A overexpression in primary breast and colon tumour samples. With regard to the predictive role of Aurora-A, it has been shown that its overexpression disrupts the spindle checkpoint activated by pa…

Aurora inhibitorAntineoplastic Agentsmacromolecular substancesProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesBiologychemistry.chemical_compoundAurora kinaseAurora KinasesNeoplasmsAnimalsHumansKinase activityProtein Kinase InhibitorsMitosisHematologyCell biologyZM447439Aurora-A cancer treatment kinase inhibitor mitosis small moleculeenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)Spindle checkpointNocodazoleOncologyAurora kinase inhibitor MK-0457chemistryembryonic structuresbiological phenomena cell phenomena and immunity
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Phosphorylation of cytochromes P450: First discovery of a posttranslational modification of a drug-metabolizing enzyme

2005

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are important components of xenobiotic-metabolizing monooxygenases (CYP-dependent monooxygenases). Their regulation by induction, most commonly by transcriptional activation, mediated by xenobiotics, normally substrates of the corresponding CYP, is well known and has been widely studied. Our team has discovered an additional important regulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing CYPs pertaining to posttranslational modification by phosphorylation. Individual CYPs are phosphorylated by different protein kinases, leading to CYP isoenzyme-selective changes in the metabolism of individual substrates and consequent drastic changes in the control of genotoxic metabolites. Best stu…

Biophysicsurologic and male genital diseasesBiochemistryCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemAnimalsHumansheterocyclic compoundsPhosphorylationEnzyme inducerProtein kinase AMolecular BiologyTranscription factorRegulation of gene expressionbiologyKinaseorganic chemicalsCell Biologyrespiratory systemMonooxygenaseenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)LiverBiochemistrybiology.proteinPhosphorylationProtein Processing Post-TranslationalNuclear localization sequenceMutagensBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
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The Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Regulates Syk Activity in Human Platelets

2020

Distinct membrane receptors activate platelets by Src-family-kinase (SFK)-, immunoreceptor-tyrosine-based-activation-motif (ITAM)-dependent stimulation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Recently, we reported that platelet activation via glycoprotein (GP) VI or GPIb&alpha

Blood Platelets0301 basic medicinePlatelet AggregationPhosphataseSykchemical and pharmacologic phenomena030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyenvironment and public healthspleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)ArticleCatalysisInorganic ChemistryDephosphorylationglycoprotein VIglycoprotein Ibα03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineHumansSyk KinaseProtein Phosphatase 2Platelet activationPhosphorylationPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryMolecular BiologySpectroscopyProtein kinase CChemistryKinaseprotein phosphatase 2AOrganic Chemistryhemic and immune systemsGeneral MedicineProtein phosphatase 2Protein-Tyrosine KinasesPlatelet Activation3. Good healthComputer Science ApplicationsCell biologyenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)030104 developmental biologyplateletsPhosphorylationbiological phenomena cell phenomena and immunitySignal TransductionInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Cyclin dependent kinase-1 (Cdk-1) inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pdac)

2021

Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers in humans, due to late diagnosis and limited treatment possibilities. Improved treatment for PDAC patients is warranted. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a stimulator of cell cycle progression and its activity is regularly enhanced in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, CDK1 has been proposed as a novel drug target to treat patients with PDAC. This review describes the potential of CDK1 inhibition as a treatment for PDAC by outlining the molecular pathways influenced by CDK1 inhibition and new therapeutic strategies. Abstract The role of CDK1 in PDAC onset and development is two-fold. Firstly, since …

Cancer ResearchCell cycle checkpointendocrine system diseasesmedicine.medical_treatmentReviewenvironment and public healthTargeted therapyCyclin-dependent kinaseCancer stem cellPancreatic cancermedicineNovel treatmentCDK1 inhibitionRC254-282Cyclin-dependent kinase 1biologyChemistryNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensPDACPancreatic cancerCell cyclemedicine.diseaseenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)Oncologybiology.proteinCancer researchStem cellbiological phenomena cell phenomena and immunityCell cycle regulation
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