Search results for "Cognition"
showing 10 items of 7054 documents
Roentgenological observations on vocal fold length-changes with special reference to register transition and open/covered voice
1992
This paper examines the length-changes of the vocal folds as a function of voice pitch. Changes in normalized vocal fold elongation (strain) were measured indirectly from calcification points in several laryngeal structures from roentgenological exposures during singing. Changes in vocal fold strain are shown to occur mainly in the register transition area, i.e. the area within which all register changes take place. Changes in vocal fold strain appeared similar in male and female subjects. Evidence for different strain patterns in covered and open singing is presented for female subjects: Strain is higher in non-singers and (“incorrect”) open voice, lower in singers and (“correct”) covered …
Blood Alcohol Concentration-Related Lower Performance in Immediate Visual Memory and Working Memory in Adolescent Binge Drinkers
2017
The binge drinking (BD) pattern of alcohol consumption is prevalent during adolescence, a period characterized by critical changes to the structural and functional development of brain areas related with memory and cognition. There is considerable evidence of the cognitive dysfunctions caused by the neurotoxic effects of BD in the not-yet-adult brain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) on memory during late adolescence (18–19 years old) in males and females with a history of BD. The sample consisted of 154 adolescents (67 males and 87 females) that were classified as refrainers if they had never previously drunk alc…
Cognitive impairment in patients suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with EDSS ≤ 3.5
2003
Objectives – Previous papers have mainly demonstrated the presence and the frequency of cognitive impairment in patients suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate subjects with the relapsing-remitting form of the disease and mild clinical disability (EDSS ≤ 3.5), so as to quantify this deficit when the illness does not yet interfere with daily living and the ability to work. Methods – Fifty patients and 50 healthy controls were submitted to a wide neuropsychological battery, including Wechsler Memory Scale – I- (WMS), Benton Visual Retention Test – D- (BVRT), Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Kohs’ test (KT), Judgement of L…
Motor and cognitive development: the role of karate
2014
Background: regular physical activity has an effect on biological responses in both muscles and organs that, in turn, alter the structure and functions of the brain. Therefore, this study aims at comparing motor (sprint, coordination ability and explosive legs strength skills) and cognitive abilities (working memory, attention, executive functioning) in children. Methods: 39 children with average chronological age of 9 years were divided in: Karatekas (n=19) and Sedentary (n=20) groups. Their abilities were measured by motor and cognitive tests. Motor skills were assessed through a battery composed by the 20 mt Sprint test, the Agility test and the Standing board jump Test. Cognitive profil…
Working Memory, Jumping to Conclusions and Emotion Recognition: a Possible Link in First Episode Psychosis (Fep)
2015
Introduction A large body of literature has demonstrated that people affected by psychotic disorders show deficits in working memory, in Emotion Recognition (ER) and in data-gathering to reach a decision (Jumping To Conclusions – JTC). Aims To investigate a possible correlation between working memory, JTC and ER in FEP. Methods 41 patients and 89 healthy controls completed assessments of working memory using WAIS shortened version, JTC using the 60:40 Beads Task and ER using Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task. Results According to the literature, cases had poorer performance in working memory tasks (Digit Span: μ7,72 [ds=2,98] vs μ10,14 [ds=3,10], U=865,00, p=0,00; Digit Symbol: μ5,36 …
Towards real-time detection of cognitive effort in driving: Contribution of cardiac measurement
2016
En 2013, on estime que 40 à 50% des accidents corporels seraient dus à des défauts d'attention de la part du conducteur. Des études récentes ont mis en évidence la possibilité de détecter des états attentionnels dégradés afin de pouvoir mieux assister le conducteur ; ce thème de recherche représente donc un nouveau gisement de sécurité routière. Cette étude se concentre sur la détection de l'effort cognitif fournit par les conducteurs et cherche, par l'étude de la variation du rythme cardiaque, à identifier un indicateur d'effort sensible sur de courtes fenêtres temporelles.Chacun des 18 participants a passé 8 conditions expérimentales sur simulateur de conduite : la moitié où seule une tâc…
Studies using pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents provide new insights into the neurophysiology of perceived exertion
2016
The increase in blood pressure observed during physical activities is exaggerated in patients with hypertension, exposing them to a higher cardiovascular risk.Neural signals from the skeletal muscles appear to be overactive, resulting in this abnormal response in hypertensive patients.In the present study, we tested whether the attenuation of these neural signals in hypertensive patients could normalize their abnormal increase in blood pressure during physical activity.Attenuation of the neural signals from the leg muscles with intrathecal fentanyl injection reduced the blood pressure of hypertensive men during cycling exercise to a level comparable to that of normotensive men.Skeletal musc…
Effects of High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) on Delay Discounting in Major Depressive Disorder: An Open-Label Unc…
2019
Background: Delay discounting (DD) refers to the decrease of a present subjective value of a future reward as the delay of its delivery increases. Major depressive disorder (MDD), besides core emotional and physical symptoms, involves difficulties in reward processing. Depressed patients often display greater temporal discounting rates than healthy subjects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique applied in several countries to adult patients with treatment resistant depression. Studies suggest that this technique can be used to modulate DD, but no trial has assessed its effects on depressed patients. Methods: In this open-label unc…
A Preliminary Study on Cranio-Facial Characteristics Associated with Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder…
2020
Background. Craniofacial anomalies and minor neurological dysfunction (MNDs) have been identified, in literature, as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. They represent physical indicators of embryonic development suggesting a possible contributory role of complications during early, even pre-conceptional, phases of ontogeny in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Limited research has been conducted about the co-occurrence of the two biomarkers in children with ASD. This study investigates the associative patterns of cranio-facial anomalies and MNDs in ASD children, and whether these neurodevelopmental markers correlate with intensity of ASD symptoms and overall functioning. Methods. …
Unsupervised Numerical Characterization in Determining the Borders of Malignant Skin Tumors from Spectral Imagery
2021
For accurate removal of malignant skin tumors, it is crucial to assure the complete removal of the lesions. In the case of certain ill-defined tumors, it is clinically challenging to see the true borders of the tumor. In this paper, we introduce several computationally efficient approaches based on spectral imaging to guide clinicians in delineating tumor borders. First, we present algorithms that can be used effectively with simulated skin reflectance data. By using simulated data, we gain detailed information about the sensitivity of the different approaches and how variables defined by algorithms act in the skin model. Second, we demonstrate the performance of the algorithms with spectra…