Search results for "Cognition"
showing 10 items of 7054 documents
Impact of pharmacological and environmental manipulations on neuronal structural plasticity and dynamics
2017
El sistema nervioso de vertebrados es uno de los más estudiados, aunque peor comprendidos, del organismo de mamíferos. Desde que Ramón y Cajal postuló su teoría celular de este sistema (Ramón y Cajal 1909), la neurona se ha postulado como su unidad funcional. Sin embargo, durante las últimas décadas se ha revolucionado la visión que se tenía de éste. Una de las percepciones más asentadas era que, tras el desarrollo embrionario, el sistema nervioso se mantenía inmutable. Sin embargo, ahora sabemos que diferentes formas de plasticidad gobiernan su adaptación, que son necesarias para importantes procesos del día a día, tales como el aprendizaje y la memoria (Smythies 2002; Berlucchi and Buchte…
Ghost stochastic resonance in FitzHugh–Nagumo circuit
2014
International audience; The response of a neural circuit submitted to a bi-chromatic stimulus and corrupted by noise is investigated. In the presence of noise, when the spike firing of the circuit is analysed, a frequency not present at the circuit input appears. For a given range of noise intensities, it is shown that this ghost frequency is almost exclusively present in the interspike interval distribution. This phenomenon is for the first time shown experimentally in a FitzHugh-Nagumo circuit.
Brain Modulation by Electric Currents in Fibromyalgia: A Structured Review on Non-invasive Approach With Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
2018
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a complex disorder where widespread musculoskeletal pain is associated with many heterogenous symptoms ranging from affective disturbances to cognitive dysfunction and central fatigue. FMS is currently underdiagnosed and often very poorly responsive to pharmacological treatment. Pathophysiology of the disease remains still obscure even if in the last years fine structural and functional cerebral abnormalities have been identified, principally by neurophysiological and imaging studies delineating disfunctions in pain perception, processing and control systems. On such basis, recently, neurostimulation of brain areas involved in mechanism of pain processing and …
Fluent Speakers of a Second Language Process Graspable Nouns Expressed in L2 Like in Their Native Language
2017
According to embodied cognition, language processing relies on the same neural structures involved when individuals experience the content of language material. If so, processing nouns expressing a motor content presented in a second language should modulate the motor system as if presented in the mother tongue. We tested this hypothesis using a go-no go paradigm. Stimuli included English nouns and pictures depicting either graspable or non-graspable objects. Pseudo-words and scrambled images served as controls. Italian participants, fluent speakers of English as a second language, had to respond when the stimulus was sensitive and refrain from responding when it was not. As foreseen by emb…
Development of functionalized SYBR green II related cyanine dyes for viral RNA detection
2020
Fluorescent probes for sensing nucleic acids have found widespread use in the field of cell and molecular biology. However, probes combined with potential for post-synthetic conjugation, e.g. for intra-endosomal measurements of RNA, are unavailable. Herein we developed cyanine dyes that can be conjugated to viral capsid or other targets. First, we solved the crystal structure of SYBR Green II. The structural elucidation of this commonly used RNA probe provided the basis for synthesizing similar molecules with much desired function for post-synthetic conjugation. To address this need, cyanine dyes were prepared using an alternative synthesis protocol. All studied compounds showed considerabl…
Toward a link between brain plasticity and satiety
2021
International audience
Quand notre intestin parle à notre cerveau...
2017
Trois scientifiques interviendront une dizaine de minutes chacun sur les thèmes suivants : • Intestin et humeur, ou les relations entre microbiote, stress et dépression, par le professeur Pierre Déchelotte (CHU de Rouen). • Intestin et maladies métaboliques (obésité, diabète) : l’influence des hormones, par le professeur Claude Knauf (Université de Toulouse) • Intestin et comportement alimentaire : l’influence des nutriments sur les sensations de faim et de satiété, par le docteur Gilles Mithieux (Inserm, Lyon). Suivront 30 à 60 minutes de questions – réponses avec le public.
Quand notre intestin parle à notre cerveau...
2016
Pourquoi j'ai encore faim ?
2019
Comment les sensations de faim et de satiété sont produites par notre cerveau ? Quelle zone de notre cerveau va s’activer aux horaires des repas et sur la base de quelles stimulations ? À travers quelques exemples, Alexandre Benani illustrera l’importance du dialogue entre nos organes et notre cerveau dans l’élaboration de ces sensations.