Search results for "Colitis"

Chromoendoscopy and Other Novel Imaging Techniques

2006

The newly developed high-resolution and magnification endoscopes offer features that allow more and new mucosal details to be seen. They are commonly used in conjunction with chromoendoscopy. The analysis of mucosal surface details is beginning to resemble histologic examination. More accurate recognition of small flat and depressed neoplastic lesions is possible. Endoscopic prediction of neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue is possible by analysis of surface architecture of the mucosa, which influences the endoscopic management. For the diagnosis of flat adenomas, chromoendoscopy should be a part of the endoscopist's armamentarium. In inflammatory bowel disease, chromoendoscopy can be used …

Assessment of Tumor Development and Wound Healing Using Endoscopic Techniques in Mice

2010

Mouse models of intestinal inflammation and colon cancer are valuable tools to gain insights into the pathogenesis of the corresponding human diseases. Recently, in vivo mouse endoscopy has been developed, allowing not only the high-resolution monitoring and scoring of experimental disease development, but also enables the investigator to perform manipulations, including local injection of reagents or the taking of biopsies for molecular and histopathologic analyses. Chromoendoscopic staining with methylene blue enables visualization of the crypt structure and allows discrimination between inflammatory and neoplastic changes. The development of endoscopic techniques in live mice opened new …

ADVANCED ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING FOR SURVEILLANCE FOR DYSPLASIA AND COLORECTAL CANCER IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: COULD THE PATHOLOGIST BE FURTHER HELP…

2014

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing intestinal cancer. The magnitude of that increased risk as well as how best to mitigate it remain a topic of ongoing investigation in the field. It is important to quantify the risk of colorectal cancer in association with IBD. The reported risk varies widely between studies. This is partly due to the different methodologies used in the studies. Because of the limitations of surveillance strategies based on the detection of dysplasia, advanced endoscopic imaging and techniques involving the detection of alterations in mucosal antigens and genetic abnormalities are being investigated. Development of new bioma…

Dextran sulfate sodium leads to chronic colitis and pathological angiogenesis in Endoglin heterozygous mice

2010

Pathological angiogenesis is an intrinsic component of chronic intestinal inflammation, which results in remodeling and expansion of the gut microvascular bed. Endoglin is essential for endothelial cell function and physiological angiogenesis. In this study we investigated its potential role in the regulation of inflammation by testing the response of Endoglin heterozygous (Eng(+/-)) mice to experimental colitis.C57BL/6 Eng(+/-) and littermate control mice drank water supplemented with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and were monitored for up to 26 days for clinical signs of colitis. Inflammation, crypt damage, and angiogenic index were scored on histological sections of distal c…

Inflammation-Induced Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in Murine Colitis

2010

Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a morphogenetic process that forms new blood vessels by the division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Here, we show that this process of intraluminal division participates in the inflammation-induced neovascularization associated with chemically induced murine colitis. In studies of both acute (4-7 days) and chronic (28-31 days) colitis, intravital microscopy of intravascular tracers demonstrated a twofold reduction in blood flow velocity. In the acute colitis model, the decreased velocity was associated with marked dilatation of the mucosal plexus. In contrast, chronic inflammation was associated with normal caliber vessels and duplication (and trip…

Changes in immunohistochemical levels and subcellular localization after therapy and correlation and colocalization with CD68 suggest a pathogenetic …

2011

In an earlier work, the role of heat shock protein (Hsp60) in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) was suggested by its significant increase in the pathological mucosa parallel with an increase in inflammatory cells. More data in this direction are reported in this work. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry biopsies of colon tissue from 2 groups of patients with UC and treated with either 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) alone or in combination with a probiotic. We looked for inflammatory markers and Hsp60. Both the treatments were effective in reducing symptoms but the group treated with both 5-ASA and probiotics showed better clinical results. Amelioration of symptoms was associated wi…

Endomicroscopy for in vivo Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

2009

Colonoscopy for screening of colorectal cancer. What are the news? Review

2003

The goal of every routine endoscopy in the gut is the early diagnosis of malignant and premalignant changes of the mucosa. Chromo- and magnifying endoscopes are exciting new tools and offer detailed analysis of the colonic mucosal surface and pit pattern architecture. This review summarizes recent advances in endoscopic characterization of colorectal lesions using magnification endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. Surface analysis of the colon using chromoendoscopy allows a prediction between nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions with high specificity. The precise delineation of the borders and a more detailed macroscopic analysis of the lesions are further advantages. In particular, flat adenomas…

Confocal laser endomicroscopy.

2005

A miniaturized confocal microscope was developed that could be integrated in the distal tip of a conventional colonoscope. With this technique, denoted confocal endomicroscopy, subsurface analysis of the gut mucosa and in-vivo histology during ongoing endoscopy are possible in full resolution by point scanning laser analysis. The diagnostic spectrum of confocal endomicroscopy is expanding from screening and surveillance for colorectal cancer to Barrett's esophagus, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, and gastric cancer. The new detailed images seen with confocal laser endomicroscopy allow a unique look on cellular structures at and below the surface of the gut. This review describes t…

Aussagefähigkeit der Abdomenübersichtsaufnahme in der Differenzierung der Rotavirus-negativen und Rotavirus-positiven nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis

1991

Clinical data and radiographic findings of 32 newborn suffering from necrotising enterocolitis were analysed [12 patients with rotavirus-positive necrotising enterocolitis (RV + NEC), 20 patients with rotavirus-negative necrotising enterocolitis (RV-NEC)]. The presence and degree of pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas and pneumoperitoneum on abdominal radiographs were graded after Kosloske et al. according to "mild, moderate, and severe". Pneumatosis intestinalis occurred twice as often in the ascending colon in RV-NEC compared to RV + NEC, whereas the transverse colon was involved nearly as frequently as the descending colon in both groups. Portal venous gas was present in 10% of t…