Search results for "Complex."

A new approach for characterizing atmospheric aerosols from spectral values of their optical depth. A simulated case study.

2005

We are developing a new method to determine the spectral contribution to the aerosol optical depth due to each aerosol type. An aerosol type depends directly on the procedence of the particles (marine, continental, artic, etc) and it is formed by some different pure components (mineral, soot, soluble and insoluble particles, sulphate, etc). In order to separate these contributions it is necessary to have the spectral aerosol optical thickness and aerosol size distribution. We use this distribution function to identify the different components of aerosols allowing us to reconstruct the aerosol optical depth taking into account the contribution of each type of aerosol. The validation of the m…

Darstellung von Hyperebenen in verallgemeinerten affinen Räumen durch Moduln

1994

The starting point of this article is a generalized concept of affine space which includes all affine spaces over unitary modules. Our main result is a representation theorem for hyperplanes of affine spaces: Every hyperplane which satisfies a weak richness condition is induced by a module. 1

Limited survey for the presence of aflatoxins in foods from local markets and supermarkets in Valencia, Spain.

2004

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) were extracted by matrix solid-phase dispersion with C18 silica and acetonitrile as the eluting solvent, analysed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using an electrospray interface in 58 samples grouped as cereals, dried fruits, herbs and spices, pulses, snacks, and nuts and nut products collected from local markets and supermarkets in Valencia, Spain. All samples analysed by the proposed method were previously studied with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a screening protocol for the fast detection of mycotoxins. The samples containing residues (3/5…

Mitochondrial transcriptional study of the effect of aflatoxins, enniatins and carotenoids in vitro in a blood brain barrier model

2020

C. maxima (var. Delica), a variety of pumpkin, is well known for its high concentration on carotenoids, possessing dietary benefits and antioxidant properties. Aflatoxins and enniatins are common mycotoxins present in food and feed with an extended toxicity profile in humans and animals. Both types of substances reach a wide range of tissues and organs and have the capability to penetrate the blood brain barrier. Since carotenoids and mycotoxins have been reported to modify diverse mitochondrial processes individually, transcriptional in vitro studies on human epithelial cells ECV 304 were conducted to analyze the relative expression of 13 mitochondria related genes. ECV 304 cells were diff…

Prosthetic joint infection caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.

2019

ELSA air traffic simulator: An empirically grounded agent based model for the SESAR scenario

2015

This paper describes the Air Traffic Simulator produced by the ELSA project. It is partially based on interacting agents taking actions during strategic and tactical phases: air companies, network manager, pilots, and controllers. The simulator is highly modular and each part can be used independently of the others. The code is open source, ready to use and available for the research community. Some results concerning the future organization of the European Airspace (free-routing) are presented, using the full capabilities of the model. We found that the implementation of free-routing could have a positive impact on the safety event occurrences that will be reduced in number although spread…

Contagion and Bank Runs in a Multi-Agent Financial System

2012

In this work we explore contagion from one institution to another that can stem from the existence of a network of financial contracts. In fact, in modern financial systems, an intricate web of claims and obligations links the balance sheets of a wide variety of intermediaries (banks, for instance) into a network structure of interdependencies that have created an environment for feedback elements to generate amplified responses to shocks to the financial system. Small shocks, which initially affect only a few institutions, can indeed spread by contagion to the rest of the financial sector and cause a crisis in the connected intermediaries. Whether the financial crisis does spread depends c…

Induction of Mitochondrial Changes Associated with Oxidative Stress on Very Long Chain Fatty Acids (C22:0, C24:0, or C26:0)-Treated Human Neuronal Ce…

2012

In Alzheimer's disease, lipid alterations point towards peroxisomal dysfunctions. Indeed, a cortical accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs: C22:0, C24:0, C26:0), substrates for peroxisomalβ-oxidation, has been found in Alzheimer patients. This study was realized to investigate the effects of VLCFAs at the mitochondrial level since mitochondrial dysfunctions play crucial roles in neurodegeneration. On human neuronal SK-NB-E cells treated with C22:0, C24:0, or C26:0 (0.1–20 μM; 48 h), an inhibition of cell growth and mitochondrial dysfunctions were observed by cell counting with trypan blue, MTT assay, and measurement of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) with…

Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapies

2020

The progression of Alzheimer's dementia is associated with neurovasculature impairment, which includes inflammation, microthromboses, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Here, we investigate the effects of β amyloid peptides on the function of platelets, the cells driving haemostasis. Amyloid peptide β1-42 (Aβ1-42), Aβ1-40, and Aβ25-35 were tested in static adhesion experiments, and it was found that platelets preferentially adhere to Aβ1-42 compared to other Aβ peptides. In addition, significant platelet spreading was observed over Aβ1-42, while Aβ1-40, Aβ25-35, and the scAβ1-42 control did not seem to induce any platelet spreading, which suggested that only Aβ1-42 activates platelet signalli…

Major histocompatibility complex and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a critical reappraisal

2003

Epidemiological data suggest that some genetic determinants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) might reside in those polymorphisms for the immune system genes that regulate immune inflammatory responses, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Therefore, MHC polymorphisms have been the focus of a large number of AD association studies. Class Ia, Ib (hemochromatosis gene (HFE)), class II and class III (complement, tumour necrosis factor and heat shock proteins) alleles have been studied. Nearly every positive result has been followed by several studies that have failed to replicate it or that have contradicted it. Several factors, including methodological biases, might explain these dis…