Search results for "Computation"

showing 10 items of 7362 documents

Structure and Dynamics of the Instantaneous Water/Vapor Interface Revisited by Path-Integral and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations

2015

The structure and dynamics of the water/vapor interface is revisited by means of path-integral and second-generation Car-Parrinello ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with an instantaneous surface definition [A. P. Willard and D. Chandler, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 1954 (2010)]. In agreement with previous studies, we find that one of the OH bonds of the water molecules in the topmost layer is pointing out of the water into the vapor phase, while the orientation of the underlying layer is reversed. Therebetween, an additional water layer is detected, where the molecules are aligned parallel to the instantaneous water surface.

Surface (mathematics)KineticsFOS: Physical sciencesMolecular Dynamics SimulationCondensed Matter - Soft Condensed MatterMolecular physicsMolecular dynamicsPhysics - Chemical PhysicsMaterials ChemistryMoleculePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsPhysics::Atmospheric and Oceanic PhysicsChemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)Molecular StructureChemistryHydrogen bondWaterHydrogen BondingComputational Physics (physics.comp-ph)Surfaces Coatings and FilmsKineticsSteamPath integral formulationSoft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)Physical chemistryPhysics - Computational PhysicsLayer (electronics)Water vaporThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B
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MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS FOR IRREGULAR MESHES WITH APPEARANCE ATTRIBUTES

2004

We present a new multiresolution analysis framework based on the lifting scheme for irregular meshes with attributes. We introduce a surface prediction opera- tor to compute the detail coefficients for the geometry and the attributes of the model. Attribute analysis gives appearance information to complete the geomet- rical analysis of the model.We present an application to adaptive visualization and some experimental results to show the efficiency of our framework.

Surface (mathematics)Lifting schemeComputer sciencebusiness.industryMultiresolution analysis[INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR][INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]020207 software engineering02 engineering and technology[INFO.INFO-CG]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Geometry [cs.CG][INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR][INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV][INFO.INFO-CG] Computer Science [cs]/Computational Geometry [cs.CG]Computer graphics (images)0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering020201 artificial intelligence & image processingComputer visionPolygon meshArtificial intelligencebusinessComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSAdaptive visualization
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Multiresolution Analysis for Meshes with Appearance Attributes

2005

International audience; We present a new multiresolution analysis framework for irregular meshes with attributes based on the lifting scheme. We introduce a surface prediction operator to compute the detail coefficients for the geometry and the attributes of the model. Attribute analysis gives appearance information to complete the geometrical analysis of the model. A set of experimental results are given to show the efficiency of our framework. We present two applications to adaptive visual-ization and denoising.

Surface (mathematics)Lifting schemeGeometric analysisNoise reductionMultiresolution analysis[INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]02 engineering and technology[INFO.INFO-CG]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Geometry [cs.CG]01 natural sciences010309 opticsSet (abstract data type)Operator (computer programming)[INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringPolygon meshMathematicsComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSbusiness.industry[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]020207 software engineeringPattern recognition[INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR][INFO.INFO-CG] Computer Science [cs]/Computational Geometry [cs.CG]Artificial intelligencebusiness
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On the use of the absorbed depth-dose measurements in the beam calibration of a surface electronic high-dose-rate brachytherapy unit, a Monte Carlo-b…

2019

PURPOSE To evaluate the use of the absorbed depth-dose as a surrogate of the half-value layer in the calibration of a high-dose-rate electronic brachytherapy (eBT) equipment. The effect of the manufacturing tolerances and the absorbed depth-dose measurement uncertainties in the calibration process are also addressed. METHODS The eBT system Esteya® (Elekta Brachytherapy, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) has been chosen as a proof-of-concept to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method, using its 10 mm diameter applicator. Two calibration protocols recommended by the AAPM (TG-61) and the IAEA (TRS-398) for low-energy photon beams were evaluated. The required Monte Carlo (MC) simulations w…

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceBackscattermedicine.medical_treatmentBrachytherapyMonte Carlo methodBrachytherapyPermeability030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineCalibrationDosimetryRadiometryAirRadiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedX-RaysUncertaintyReproducibility of ResultsWaterRadiotherapy DosageGeneral MedicineEquipment DesignHigh-Dose Rate BrachytherapyComputational physics030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCalibrationMonte Carlo MethodBeam (structure)Medical physicsReferences
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Computer Modeling of Defects and Surfaces in Advanced Perovskite Ferroelectrics

2000

The (110) surface relaxations are calculated for SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 perovskites. The positions of atoms in 16 near-surface layers placed atop a slab of rigid ions are optimized. Strong surface rumpling and surface-induced dipole moments perpendicular to the surface are predicted for both the O-terminated and Ti-terminated surfaces. Calculated optical properties of basic point defects – F-type centres and hole polarons – in KNbO3 are used for the interpretation of available experimental data.

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceCondensed matter physicsGeneral EngineeringGeneral Physics and AstronomyPolaronCrystallographic defectIonCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceDipoleComputational chemistrySlabPerpendicularPerovskite (structure)Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
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Kinetics of Surface Chemical Reactions from a Digital Video

2020

In the last few years, the color analysis of the studied surface has been regarded as a nonexpensive way to obtain not only the spectrochemical data but also the spatiotemporal information of the entire surface. Mean color intensities and standard deviation calculated from the red, green, and blue color histograms of digital images of surfaces have been considered particularly useful for the chemical understanding of surface kinetics. The shape of curves, the maximum of peaks, or the half-peak widths depend on the kinetic constants and on the kinetic order of the surface chemical process. Some strategies used for obtaining the kinetics from RGB color intensities and their standard deviation…

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceKineticsColor analysis02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyKinetic energy01 natural sciencesStandard deviation0104 chemical sciencesSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsComputational physicsDigital imageGeneral EnergyHistogramRGB color modelPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry0210 nano-technologyThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Theoretical Simulations of Surface Relaxation for Perovskite Titanates

2000

The (100) and (110) surface relaxations are calculated for SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 perovskite thin films Using a semiempirical shell model, the positions of atoms in 16 near-surface layers placed atop a slab of rigid ions are calculated. Surface rumpling and surface-induced dipole moments perpendicular to the surface are calculated for different surface terminations. Surface relaxation is found much larger for the (110) surface. Our results for the (100) surfaces are compared with ab initio calculations and LEED experiments.

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceMolecular physicsIonCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencechemistry.chemical_compoundDipolechemistryComputational chemistryAb initio quantum chemistry methodsStrontium titanateRelaxation (physics)Thin filmPerovskite (structure)
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Effective elastic properties of biocomposites using 3D computational homogenization and X-ray microcomputed tomography

2021

A 3D computational homogenization method based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) was proposed and implemented to investigate how the fiber weight fraction, orthotropy and orientation distribution affect the effective elastic properties of regenerated cellulose fiber-polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Three-dimensional microstructures reconstructed by means of the X-ray μCT were used as the representative volume elements (RVEs) and incorporated into the finite element solver within the computational homogenization framework. The present method used Euclidean bipartite matching technique so as to eliminate the generation of artificial periodic boundaries and use the in-situ solution d…

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceröntgentekniikkaComputational homogenizationHomogenization (chemistry)X-Ray Microcomputed TomographytomografiaFiberFiber3D-mallinnuskomposiititCivil and Structural EngineeringBiocompositeskuidutOrientation (computer vision)Regenerated celluloseReconstruction algorithmMicrostructuremikrorakenteetmateriaalitutkimuskuvantaminenröntgenkuvausCeramics and CompositesReconstructionBiological systemX-ray microcomputed tomography
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Design and synthesis of the first triply twisted Möbius annulene.

2014

As long as 50 years ago theoretical calculations predicted that Mobius annulenes with only one π surface and one edge would exhibit peculiar electronic properties and violate the Huckel rules. Numerous synthetic attempts notwithstanding, the first singly twisted Mobius annulene was not prepared until 2003. Here we present a general, rational strategy to synthesize triply or even more highly twisted cyclic π systems. We apply this strategy to the preparation of a triply twisted [24]dehydroannulene, the structure of which was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Our strategy is based on the topological transformation of 'twist' into 'writhe'. The advantage is twofold: the product exhibits a lower deg…

Surface (mathematics)Models MolecularMacrocyclic CompoundsMolecular StructureChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringStructure (category theory)Molecular ConformationGeneral ChemistryAnnuleneTopological transformationTheoretical physicsComputational chemistryProduct (mathematics)TwistLower degreeWritheNature chemistry
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MUSIC-characterization of small scatterers for normal measurement data

2009

We investigate the reconstruction of the positions of a collection of small metallic objects buried beneath the ground from measurements of the vertical component of scattered fields corresponding to vertically polarized dipole excitations on a horizontal two-dimensional measurement device above the surface of the ground. A MUSIC reconstruction method for this problem has recently been proposed by Iakovleva et al (2007 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55 2598). In this paper, we give a rigorous theoretical justification of this method. To that end we prove a characterization of the positions of the scatterers in terms of the measurement data, applying an asymptotic analysis of the scattered fie…

Surface (mathematics)PhysicsAsymptotic analysisbusiness.industryApplied MathematicsInverse problemReconstruction methodComputer Science ApplicationsTheoretical Computer ScienceComputational physicsCharacterization (materials science)DipoleOpticsPosition (vector)Signal ProcessingbusinessMathematical PhysicsExcitationInverse Problems
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