Search results for "Computer"
showing 10 items of 30657 documents
Patient Specific Instrumentation for Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Literature Review
2014
During the past decade, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been markedly increased. Recently, patient-specific custom cutting guides have been commercially introduced in order to achieve an accurate component alignment during TKA. In fact, these cutting blocks are specific to a patient’s knee anatomy and should help the surgeons to perform bone cuts, reducing the complexity of conventional alignment and sizing tools. Nevertheless, there are critical arguments against patient-specific cutting guides for routine use, such as poor evidence and higher costs. Additionally, there are still no mild and long-term results available that describe the clinical outcomes following patient-specific instru…
Kinematics of the patellofemoral joint. Investigations on a computer model with reference to patellar fractures.
1990
Patellofemoral kinematics were studied on a computer model. The articulating point of the patella moves from distal to proximal during flexion, until the quadriceps tendon starts to turn around the femur tendo-femoral gliding. The pattern of patellofemoral movement consists of a gliding and rolling component, the latter at its maximum at the beginning of flexion. The pathway of the instant centers of motion moves from dorsal to ventral during flexion. Stress analysis shows that the contact area is at all times the area of maximum bending stress. The distal part of the patella is the part with mechanical stress at all angles of flexion. The conclusions to be drawn for treatment are that frac…
The arterial blood supply of the temporomandibular joint: an anatomical study and clinical implications
2013
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze three-dimensional images of the arterial supply to the temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods: Ten patients (five men and five women, mean age 36 years) without signs or symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scanning with intravenous contrast, were studied. The direct volume rendering technique of CT images was used, and a data set of images to visualize the vasculature of the human temporomandibular joint in three dimensions was created. After elaboration of the data through post-processing, the arterial supply of the temporomandibular joint was studied. Results: The analysis …
2020
The occupation of dental assistants (DAs) involves many health risks of the musculoskeletal system due to static and prolonged work, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs in DAs in Germany. Methods: For this purpose, an online questionnaire analyzed 406 (401 female participants and 5 male participants, 401w/5m) DAs. It was based on the Nordic Questionnaire (lifetime, 12-month, and seven-day MSDs’ prevalence separated into neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, hip, knee, and ankle), and occupational and sociodemographic questions as well as questions about specific medical conditions. Results: 98.5% …
Operator-Related Errors and Pitfalls in Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: How to Recognize and Avoid Them.
2020
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most common modality for quantitative measurements of bone mineral density. Nevertheless, errors related to this exam are still very common, and may significantly impact on the final diagnosis and therapy. Operator-related errors may occur during each DXA step and can be related to wrong patient positioning, error in the acquisition process or in the scan analysis. The aim of this review is to provide a practical guide on how to recognize such errors in spine and hip DXA scan and how to avoid them, also presenting some of the most common artifacts encountered in clinical practice.
Intra-Articular Injection of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
2023
The purpose of the present paper was to review the available evidence on intra-articular botulinum toxin (BTX) injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and to compare it to other conservative treatment options. A systematic review of the literature was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Pedro and Research Gate databases with the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) written in the English language, and (3) published on indexed journals in the last 20 years (2001–2021) dealing with the use of BTX intra-articular injection for the treatment of knee OA. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias to…
Mathematics and Musical Entropy
2020
Arts can provide intuitive examples to enhance the understanding of complex mathematical concepts. Also, mathematics can give precise answers to musical questions that can be raised during the analysis of works of art including musical scores. If musical parameters and mathematical objects are seen as belonging to categories, analysis becomes a dialogue and a mapping between them. This paper develops an idea of “open” musicology that exploits suggestions and contaminations with other research areas, first of all from mathematics and the mathematical formalism behind physics. The focus is on the concept of entropy joined with Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT), that can be extended to the def…
Dynamic Functional Connectivity in the Musical Brain
2019
Musical training causes structural and functional changes in the brain due to its sensory-motor demands. This leads to differences in how musicians perceive and process music as compared to non-musicians, thereby providing insights into brain adaptations and plasticity. Correlational studies and network analysis investigations have indicated the presence of large-scale brain networks involved in the processing of music and have highlighted differences between musicians and non-musicians. However, studies on functional connectivity in the brain during music listening tasks have thus far focused solely on static network analysis. Dynamic Functional Connectivity (DFC) studies have lately been …
Communicating through ancillary gestures: Exploring effects on coperformers and audiences
2020
Musicians make elaborate movements while performing, often using gestures that might seem extraneous. To explore these movements, we motion-captured and audio-recorded different pairings of clarinetists and pianists performing Brahms’ Clarinet Sonata No. 1 with two manipulations: (a) allowing the performers full vs. no visual feedback, and (b) allowing the performers full vs. partial auditory feedback (i.e., the clarinetist could not hear the pianist). We found that observer ratings of audio–visual point-light renditions discriminated between manipulations and refined this insight through subsequent audio-alone and visual-alone experiments, providing an understanding of each modality’s cont…